红酵母产生类胡萝卜素的研究

研究了红酵母RY-98菌株产生类胡萝卜素的营养与环境条件,并对发酵过程生理现象的变化作了测试.结果表明培养基组成、糖浓度和添加剂以及培养基初始pH值、通气量(摇瓶装量)与培养时间等,均对该菌细胞生物量和类胡萝卜素产量有影响.其中ZS添加剂的加入可以明显促进菌体类胡萝卜素的形成,这是本次研究的新发现.在初步优化的培养基组成(葡萄糖400g/L、玉米浆15g/L、(NH4)2SO42g/L、ZS添加剂1g/L)和培养条件下,菌体生物量与类胡萝卜素含量分别为27mg/mL和498.2μg/g,发酵液产色素能力为13.3mg/L.通过观测发酵过程生理现象的变化,认为该菌类胡萝卜素是菌体的次生代谢产物,主要形成于对数生长期的末期和稳定期.     

红酵母产生类胡萝卜素的研究注

研究了红酵母RY－98菌株产生类胡萝卜素的营养与环境条件,并对发酵过程生理现象的变化作了测试。结果表明：培养基组成、糖浓度和添加剂以及培养基初始pH值、通气量（摇瓶装量）与培养时间等,均对该菌细胞生物量和类胡萝卜素产量有影响,其中ZS添加剂的加入可以明显促进菌体类胡萝卜素的形成,这是本次研究的新发现,在初步优化的培养基组成（葡萄糖40g/L、玉米浆15g/L、（NH4）2SO42g/L、ZS添加剂1g/L）和培养条件下,菌体生物量与类胡萝卜素含量分别为27mg/mL和498.2μg/g,发酵液产色素能力为13.3mg/L。通过观测发酵过程生理现象的变化,认为该菌类胡萝卜素是菌体的次生代谢产物,主要形成于对数生长期的末期和稳定期。     

豆腐酸浆中高产蛋白的白地霉发酵条件的研究

本文对从酸浆中分离筛选出的白地霉FL44菌株在以黄浆水为主的培养基的条件下生产单细胞蛋白的发酵条件进行了初步研究,并对其发酵过程作了动态分析。结果表明培养基组成、初始pH值、摇瓶装量与培养时间等,均对该菌株细胞生物量和蛋白产量有影响,优化培养基组成为废糖蜜5%、(NH4)2HP041%);培养条件为培养基初始PH5.5,装量40mL/250mL,摇瓶,摇瓶转速为220rpm,30培养48h;菌体生物量及蛋白产量分别为15.2g/L和7.42g/L。     

豆腐酸浆中白地霉发酵条件的探讨

从酸浆中分离筛选出白地霉FL44菌株,对该菌株产单细胞蛋白的发酵条件进行了初步研究,并对其发酵过程作了动态分析.结果表明:在优化的培养基组成(废糖蜜5%、(NH4)2HPO41%)和培养条件(培养基初始pH5.5,装量40mL/250mL摇瓶,摇瓶转速为220r/min,30℃培养48h)下,菌体生物量及蛋白产量分别为15.2g/L和7.42g/L.     

豆腐酸浆中高产蛋白的白地霉发酵条件的研究

本文对从酸浆中分离筛选出的白地霉FL44菌株在以黄浆水为主的培养基的条件下生产单细胞蛋白的发酵条件进行了初步研究，并对其发酵过程作了动态分析。结果表明：培养基组成、初始pH值、摇瓶装量与培养时间等，均对该菌株细胞生物量和蛋白产量有影响，优化培养基组成为：废糖蜜5％、(NH4)2HPO4 1％)；培养条件为：培养基初始PH5．5，装量40mL／250mL，摇瓶，摇瓶转速为220rpm，30℃培养48h；菌体生物量及蛋白产量分别为：15．2g／L和7．42g／L。     

高浓度肌苷废水中白地霉发酵生产研究

利用肌苷废水从酸菜浆中分离筛选出的白地霉GC1菌株进行了摇瓶培养研究,通过影响因素试验确定了GC1生产单细胞蛋白的最适发酵条件,并对其发酵过程作动态分析.结果表明:培养基组成、初始pH值、温度、摇瓶转速与装液量均对该菌株生物量有影响;最适的培养基组成为:废糖蜜2%、酒石酸铵1%;培养条件为:初始pH5.5、摇瓶转速为50 r/min,装液量100 mL/250 mL,28℃培养周期2d.菌体生物量可达到为23.32 g/L,蛋白含量和产量可达到19.81 g/L和84.9%,同时高浓度肌苷废水的COD和色度被降低了30%和27%.     

蜜环菌液态发酵培养基及补料分批发酵工艺的优化

通过对蜜环菌液态发酵培养基和2 m3发酵罐生产工艺的优化,得到蜜环菌适宜的培养条件为:玉米粉60 g/L,豆粕20 g/L,无水乙醇3 m L/L,VB10.03 g/L,KH2PO41.5 g/L,Mg SO4·7H2O 0.75 g/L,α-淀粉酶0.1 g/L,初始p H 3.0,当摇瓶种子培养到第6天,菌丝量19.24 g/L时,移种到50 L发酵罐,培养8 d,其菌丝量可达26.80 g/L。200 L种子发酵罐培养6 d,其菌丝量为15.35 g/L,此时可转入下一级培养,2 m3发酵罐发酵采用补料发酵的方式,培养8 d,其菌丝量可达22.65 g/L。     

杏鲍菇液态发酵培养的初步研究

杏鲍菇是一种珍贵的药食皆宜的真菌.为在较短时间内大量获得杏鲍菇菌体,该试验探讨了液态发酵方法制备杏鲍菇.试验以杏鲍菇菌丝体干重为指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验,对杏鲍菇液态发酵培养基和液态发酵条件进行了优化.试验结果表明,杏鲍菇液态发酵的最佳碳源为葡萄糖,最佳氮源为蛋白胨,当培养基配方为葡萄糖30g/L、蛋白胨5g/L、KH2PO40.8g/L、MgSO41.2g/L、VB110mg/L时杏鲍菇菌丝体生物量较高.在摇瓶培养条件中研究了种龄、装液量、初始pH值、接种量、温度、转速、培养时间等对液态发酵杏鲍菇菌体生物量的影响.得出最佳培养条件:种子培养6d,装液量20％ (v/v),接种量为10％ (v/v),培养基的初始pH值为自然,培养温度为25℃,摇瓶转速为140r/min,发酵8d,杏鲍菇菌丝产量可达8.23g/L.     

豆腐废水发酵生产白地霉的研究

利用豆腐废水从酸浆中分离筛选出的白地霉FL44菌株进行了摇瓶培养研究，通过正交试验确定了FL44生产单细胞蛋白的最适发酵条件，并对其发酵过程作了动态分析。结果表明：培养基组成、初始pH值、摇瓶装量与培养时间均对该菌株细胞生物量有影响。优化培养基组成为：废糖蜜5％，(NH4)2HPO4 1％；培养条件为：培养基初始pH5．5，摇瓶装量40ml／250mL，摇瓶转速为220rpm，30℃培养48h；菌体生物量可达到15．08g／L。     

卡拉胶酶的发酵培养基及培养条件优化

以生物量与卡拉胶酶活为指标,研究发酵培养基组成和培养条件对菌株ASY5产卡拉胶酶的影响,优化菌株Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora ASY5产卡拉胶酶的培养基和培养条件,以提高卡拉胶酶的产量。结果表明,最优培养基和培养条件为:卡拉胶5 g/L,胰蛋白胨5 g/L,Na Cl 20 g/L,Ca Cl_20.2 g/L,Na H_2PO_4·2H_2O 1.3 g/L,Na_2HPO_4·12H_2O3.8 g/L,温度18℃,初始p H为6.5,接种量2%,装液量70 m L。在优化工艺条件下,菌株ASY5的生物量和卡拉胶酶活比初始条件分别提高了80.4%和52.2%,菌株ASY5发酵产卡拉胶酶的能力大幅度提高。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status