酸奶中保加利亚乳杆菌的分离和鉴定

利用MRS琼脂培养基对保加利亚乳杆菌进行分离，分别挑取可疑茵落进行革兰氏染色，对镜检结果为革兰氏阳性菌，且细菌形状为杆状的菌种进行糖发酵试验生物化学鉴定。结论：在MRS琼脂培养基上，菌落较大、透明、灰白色，镜检细菌形状为杆状，麦芽糖和七叶苷发酵试验均为阴性，乳糖发酵阳性的菌种，即为保加利亚乳杆菌。     

酸乳中混合乳酸菌的分离及鉴定

利用MRS琼脂培养基和Elliker琼脂培养基分别对保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球茵进行分离.然后,分别挑取疑似茵落进行革兰氏染色,对镜检结果为革兰氏阳性茵,且细茵形状为杆状和球状的菌种进行生物化学鉴定.采用糖发酵试验进行生化鉴定.对保加利亚乳杆茵进行麦芽糖、七叶苷、乳糖、蔗糖和葡萄糖5种糖的发酵试验,而对于嗜热链球菌进行葡萄糖、麦芽糖和蔗糖的发酵试验.而后,对葡萄糖、蔗糖发酵阳性,麦芽糖发酵阴性的菌种进行45℃培养.结论表明:在MRS琼脂培养基上,茵落较大、透明、灰白色,镜检细菌形状为杆状,麦芽糖和七叶苷发酵试验均为阴性,乳糖发酵阳性的茵种,即为保加利亚乳杆菌.在Elliker琼脂培养基上分离出的菌种,镜检细菌形状为球状.葡萄糖、蔗糖发酵呈阳性,麦芽糖发酵阴性且能在45℃条件下生长的茵种即为嗜热链球茵.     

酸奶中嗜热链球菌的分离和鉴定

利用Elliker琼脂培养基对嗜热链球菌进行分离。然后,分别挑取疑似菌落进行革兰氏染色,对镜检结果为革兰氏阳性菌,且细菌形状球状的菌种进行生物化学鉴定。采用糖发酵试验进行生化鉴定。对嗜热链球菌进行葡萄糖、麦芽糖和蔗糖的发酵试验。而后,对葡萄糖、蔗糖发酵阳性,麦芽糖发酵阴性的菌种进行45℃培养。结论:在Elliker琼脂培养基上分离出的菌种,镜检细菌形状为球状,葡萄糖、蔗糖发酵呈阳性,麦芽糖发酵阴性且能在45℃条件下生长的菌种即为嗜热链球菌。     

豆腐酸浆中一株解淀粉乳杆菌的分离鉴定

利用MRS选择性培养基从自然发酵的豆腐酸浆中分离得到一株产乳酸细菌(编号E36)。初步研究结果表明:该菌株革兰氏染色阳性,菌体呈短杆状,单生或呈短链,菌落呈圆形,乳白色,边缘整齐,表面湿润,不透明;菌株生长过程中,加有溴甲酚紫指示剂的培养基由紫变黄,经生理生化和16S rRNA基因序列分析,初步鉴定该菌为产酸解淀粉乳杆菌。     

豆腐乳中乳酸菌的分离鉴定与发酵特性研究

目的分离鉴定农家自制传统发酵豆腐乳中的乳酸菌,探讨其作为豆类乳酸菌发酵饮品菌株的可行性。方法利用MRS(man rogosa sharp)培养基分离豆腐乳中的乳酸菌,通过形态学观察、生理生化特性和16S rDNA基因序列分析进行鉴定,并将所分离到的乳酸菌与适合于豆类植物发酵的植物乳杆菌FJAT-7926(Lactobacillus plantarum FJAT-7926)和干酪乳杆菌FJAT-7928 (Lactobacillus casei FJAT-7928)进行发酵特性的对比研究。结果从豆腐乳中分离出1株乳酸菌,命名为FJAT-46777,该菌株菌体细胞为圆端直杆状或圆端弯曲杆状,无芽孢,革兰氏阳性,过氧化氢酶阴性,生理生化特征与发酵乳杆菌(Lactobacillus fermentum)一致,对菌株的16S rDNA基因进行扩增测序、分子系统发育树分析,也表明其为发酵乳杆菌。发酵乳杆菌FJAT-46777发酵的豆乳中乳酸菌增殖速度最快,最终活菌数最高,为9.42 lg(CFU/mL); pH值下降最快,最终pH值最低,为3.91;滴定酸度上升速度最快,最终滴定酸度最高,为62~ΟT。结论分离自豆类自然发酵食品中的发酵乳杆菌FJAT-46777,对豆类植物为主的基质具有更优良的发酵特性,发酵时间快,乳酸菌含量高,产酸能力强,适用于发酵豆乳的开发。     

小米乳酸菌发酵饮料胀罐微生物的分离及鉴定

目的 对小米乳酸菌饮料胀罐微生物进行分离和菌株鉴定,并对所分离菌株的产气特性进行研究。方法 使用孟加拉红琼脂培养基、营养肉汤琼脂培养基和改良MRS琼脂培养基对小米乳酸菌饮料胀罐微生物进行分离和纯化,根据菌落形态观察、菌体形态观察、16S rRNA 序列分析并结合基质辅助激光解析/电离飞行时间质谱(ALDI-TOF MS)技术对分离菌株进行鉴定。最后将分离菌株接种到无菌小米乳酸菌饮料产品中,培养观察产气现象。结果 共分离出6株细菌,编号为B001、B002、B003、B003、B005、B006,菌种鉴定结果均为副干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus paracasei),6株细菌均具有产气现象。结论 副干酪乳杆菌是引起本研究产品胀罐的主要原因。     

引进直投型酸奶发酵剂乳杆菌的分离鉴定

对引进直投型酸奶发酵剂(DVS)中乳杆菌进行分离鉴定，利用MRS半选择性培养基对其进行分离，采用糖发酵实验、全细胞蛋白电泳和RAPD指纹图谱三种方法对其鉴定、结果表明，引进直投型酸奶发酵剂中乳杆菌由两株菌构成。     

发酵乳杆菌增殖培养基营养因子优化研究

以MRS 培养基为基础,选择碳源、氮源、生长因子这3 个主要的营养成分进行单因素试验,然后利用L9(34)正交试验优化出发酵乳杆菌增殖培养基营养因子最佳组成为：葡萄糖2.0%,牛肉膏0.5%,胰酶解酪朊0.5%,玉米浆2%,其他MRS 基本成分保持不变。研究结果表明,发酵乳杆菌La-Y1 在优化后的MRS 培养基中,37℃培养16～18h,菌落数高于用原始MRS 培养的发酵液,达到了1010CFU/mL 以上。     

青海酸奶中乳酸菌的分离鉴定及抑菌谱研究

从青海高原自然发酵酸奶中通过定向分离出51株乳酸菌,经形态、生理生化和16S rDNA鉴定,该菌株为乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种(L.lactis subsp.Lactis)。采用改良M17琼脂培养基进行培养,实验选革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌、酵母菌和霉菌作为检测指示菌,对其抑菌谱进行研究,结果显示:乳酸菌产抑菌物质具有较广的抑菌谱,对革兰氏阳性菌有很好的抑制作用,对部分革兰氏阴性菌有抑制作用,对酵母菌、霉菌没有作用。     

发酵乳中乳酸菌的选择性计数及分离鉴定

发酵乳产品的菌种组成与活菌数的含量是产品质量的关键。该文通过选择性培养基、基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry, MALDI-TOF-MS)快速鉴定技术及多相鉴定技术探究3种发酵乳中乳酸菌的活菌数及种类。研究结果表明,3种发酵乳产品中,GB 4789.35对乳酸菌总数的计数结果均高于选择性培养基,M17培养基对嗜热链球菌的计数结果均高MC培养基。MALDI-TOF MS快速鉴定表明M17、MRS(含50μg/mL的万古霉素)、双歧杆菌培养基可以选择性的分离发酵乳中的嗜热链球菌(Streptococcus thermophilus)、干酪乳酪杆菌(Lacticaseibacillus casei)和双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium spp.),酸化MRS培养基对德氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus delbrueckii)的选择性较差,不能在含有双歧杆菌的发酵乳中选择性分离德氏乳杆菌。进一步通过多相鉴定确定3种发酵乳产品中乳酸菌在...     

CHEMICAL AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF CULTIVATED AND WILD FRAGARIA AND RUBUS BERRIES

ABSTRACT

Content of individual sugars, organic acids, total phenolics (TPH), some important phenolic compounds (kaempferol, myricetin, quercetin, and ellagic acid) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the fruits of strawberry, raspberry and blackberry were studied. A comparison was made between cultivars and wild relatives of each species (Fragaria vesca L., Rubus idaeus L. and Rubus fruticosus L.). The main sugars found were fructose and glucose both in the fruits of wild species and the studied cultivars. Citric acid was determined to be the major organic acid in most of tested berries with the exception of blackberry cultivars, where malic acid was dominant. The content of individual phenolic compounds varied among the wild species, as well as among the studied cultivars. Ellagic acid content was higher in F. vesca, R. idaeus and R. fruticosus (122.5 µg/g FW, 12.71 µg/g FW and 61.7 µg/g FW, respectively) than that obtained in analyzed cultivars. Overall, TPH expressed higher values in the wild strawberry and blackberry species in comparison to the studied cultivars, and consequently, the highest levels of TAC were recorded in F. vesca (5.78 mg asc/g FW), followed by R. fruticosus (4.95 mg asc/g FW).

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

In recent years, both wild and cultivated berries have become very attractive for consumers because of potentially beneficial phytochemicals contained in these fruits. Fruit nutritional quality can be described by standard quality parameters (sugars and organic acids), and the analysis of antioxidant capacity influenced by specific related compounds. The importance of flavonoids and other phenolics have been suggested to play a preventive role in the development of cancer and heart disease. A significant positive correlation observed in this study between total phenolics and total antioxidant capacity indicate the need for the use of wild species in the breeding programs of small fruits, especially strawberry and blackberry, in order to increase their nutritive value and the health benefits.     

Tencel机织物的染整加工及所用染化料

Ｔｅｎｃｅｌ纤维易于原纤化和很高的横向膨润性对染整加工设备选型、工序安排、染化料选用提出了很高的要求，关键的助剂是润滑剂、纤维素酶、柔软剂、树脂整理剂、防原纤化助剂，于是详细讨论了Ｔｅｎｃｅｌ机织物的前处理、初级原纤化、酶处理、染色、二次原纤化和柔性、树脂整理及染化料的应用。     

姜与人体营养健康

对姜的营养、保健功能及其在日常生活中的应用进行了介绍，更利于推动我国调味品业的进一步研究与开发。     

BARLEY AND MALT TANNINOGENS AND BEER QUALITY

Anthocyanogen and catechin contents (tanninogen values) were determined for ten two-row and thirteen six-row barleys and for their corresponding malts. Four barley-malts were then selected for brewing, one with high, one with low, and two with intermediate tanninogen contents. The brews were made using bottom-fermenting (lager) as well as top-fermenting (ale) yeasts, both at 50–55° F. and at 68° F. The quality of the beers, as expressed by standard analyses and flavour evaluation, is discussed in the light of the tanninogen contents of the barleys and the different brewing parameters (yeast type and fermentation temperature).     

新合纤及其制造加工技术

说明了日本新合纤(新聚酯)的发展阶段,介绍了国外(日本西欧和美国)新合纤的市场情况,指出了日本在新合纤领域目前处于世界最先进水平。概括了新合纤制造加工技术及1990～1992年间日本各合成纤维厂商推出的新合纤产品。最后指出了新合纤存在的某些缺点。     

CHEMICAL, NUTRITIVE AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF TOMATOES BEFORE AND AFTER CONVENTIONAL AND MICROWAVE BLANCHING AND DURING FROZEN STORAGE

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of microwave blanching on chemical, physical and sensory characteristics of tomatoes prior to and after frozen storage. Tomatoes were blanched (4 min) using four treatments: conventional boiling water (BW), steam (ST), microwaved in a glass container (MW), and microwaved in boilable bags (MWB). The lowest moisture content occurred in MW‐blanched tomatoes before (92%) and after (86%) frozen storage. These tomatoes had the highest reduced ascorbic acid (RAA) content and the highest RAA retention (> 23 mg/100 g, >91%) after blanching and after frozen storage. After blanching, MWB‐blanched tomatoes were the lightest, while after frozen storage, ST‐blanched tomatoes were the lightest. BW‐blanched tomatoes had generally higher flavor, texture and appearance scores. This study demonstrated that though visual color and sensory attributes were highest for BW‐blanched tomatoes, MW‐blanched tomatoes retained more nutritive value in the finished product.     

INSTRUMENTAL AND SENSORY TEXTURE ASSESSMENT AND FRACTURE MECHANISMS OF CHEDDAR AND CHESHIRE CHEESES

Textural attributes of Cheddar and Cheshire cheeses, falling within narrow compositional ranges, were assessed by sensory panels, and from force-compression curves generated by compression between two plates, and, for Cheddar cheese only, by penetrometry. Individual sensory measurements did not relate well to any instrumental one, and were better at discriminating between cheeses. Samples of each cheese variety were fractured in different ways and the fracture surfaces were examined in a scanning electron microscope. Fracture surfaces were formed by cutting directly through the matrix, tearing of the matrix along planes high in fat or cracking at grain boundaries. It is suggested that consideration of fracture mechanism may aid the selection and development of useful instrumental methods for texture assessment of cheese.     

AREA- AND PERIMETER-DEPENDENT PROPERTIES AND FAILURE OF MATURE-GREEN AND RED-RIPE TOMATO PERICARP TISSUE

The influence of tomato fruit ripeness on area- and perimeter-dependent properties and dominant failure mechanisms of pericarp tissue were investigated. Tissue discs from mature-green and red-ripe fruit were punctured with a flat-ended cylindrical probe and compressed with a flat plate at a constant rate of deformation. Approximately linear force-deformation curves were obtained to tissue failure by both puncture and flat plate compression, interrupted by a region of pseudoplastic deformation at a relatively low initial bioyield force. Based on estimated area- and perimeter-dependent coefficients and firmness (force/deformation) values, initial bioyielding of tissue appeared to be associated with an abrupt increase in cell-to-cell compaction. Puncture of mature-green tissue led to premature failure induced by shearing or rupture of tissue at the probe perimeter. The contribution to puncture of perimeter-dependent or shear-associated forces and a putative "zone of influence" increased markedly with ripening, while the contribution of area-dependent or compression associated forces generally decreased. A concomitant decrease in failure force and firmness with ripening reflected a general loss of both tissue compression and shear strengths. These results suggested that the dominant mode of tissue failure changed with ripening, from cell relaxation and rupture to cell debonding. The data obtained in this study emphasize the need to exercise caution in the interpretation of force-deformation parameters derived from puncture tests alone.