米糠粉在面包加工中的应用研究

将大米加工的副产物米糠添加到面粉中制作面包,不仅能增加其营养价值,改善人们的膳食营养平衡,还可充分利用大米加工企业的副产品,延伸大米加工产业链,增加企业经济效益.研究不同添加量的米糠粉对面包粉混合后的理化特性以及对面包烘培品质的影响,探索其最优的添加比例.结果 表明,米糠面包的最优配方为:每100 g混合粉中面包专用粉...     

米糠面包的物性分析及其感官质量的模糊综合评判

为开发米糠食品,以挤压改性脱脂米糠粉为功能性食品原料,按不同配方制作米糠面包.分析了不同米糠添加量对面包物性的影响,并对米糠面包的感官质量进行了模糊综合评判.结果表明:米糠添加量10%的面包物性与普通面包相近,且部分指标优于普通面包,其感官质量模糊综合评判结果为优秀,为消费者所接受,为米糠面包的开发提供了依据.     

米糠粉在面包加工中的应用研究

正将大米加工的副产物米糠添加到面粉中制作面包,不仅能增加其营养价值,改善人们的膳食营养平衡,还可充分利用大米加工企业的副产品,延伸大米加工产业链,增加企业经济效益。研究不同添加量的米糠粉对面包粉混合后的理化特性以及对面包烘培品质的影响,探索其最优的添加比例。     

脱脂米糠挤压加工及其对面包粉物性影响

以脱脂米糠为原料,运用挤压加工技术,以较大的SDF转化率和最好的IDF吸水力和膨胀力作为指标,进行了正交试验研究,确定了最优工艺参数组合:物料含水量25％,挤压温度140℃、螺杆转速 150r／min。将挤压加工得到的米糠粉按不同比例添加到面包粉中,研究米糠对面包粉粉质和拉伸特性的影响,以探讨用添加米糠的面包粉制作面包的可行性,试验研究表明米糠添加量在5％-15％之间都适合生产面包。     

米糠粉、麦麸粉添加量对馒头及面团品质的影响

以添加米糠粉和麦麸粉的面团及馒头为研究对象,主要探究不同添加量的米糠粉和麦麸粉对面团及馒头品质特性的影响。结果显示,少量添加米糠粉或麦麸粉时,面团及馒头的品质特性得到改善,结合感官评价可知,在米糠粉添加量为10%时,米糠面团和馒头品质最优,但随着米糠粉添加量的增多,米糠面团及馒头品质下降;麦麸粉添加量为5%时,麦麸面团和馒头品质最优,但随着麦麸粉添加量的增多,麦麸面团和馒头品质下降。     

挤压糙米粉对糙米面团及面包品质的影响

将糙米粉（生粉）与挤压糙米粉（熟粉）分别按照生熟比10 ∶ 0,9 ∶ 1,8 ∶ 2,7 ∶ 3,6 ∶ 4比例混合制备成混合粉,然后将糙米混合粉与谷朊粉按照8 ∶ 2的比例混合制备糙米面团及面包。研究挤压糙米粉添加量对糙米面团及面包品质的影响。结果表明：随着挤压糙米粉添加量的增加,糙米面团网络结构越疏松,孔隙越大,黏弹性均比未添加挤压糙米粉的面团低,糙米面包比容先减小后增大。添加挤压糙米粉后,糙米面包的硬度降低,感官评分值升高。放置1～4 d,糙米面包的硬度增加值随着挤压糙米粉添加量的增加而降低,面包弹性均比未添加挤压糙米粉面包的高。挤压糙米粉的添加有利于面包延缓老化,提升品质,当生熟比为6 ∶ 4时,面包品质最好。     

海藻酸钠对面团特性及面包品质的影响

考察了海藻酸钠添加量对混合粉粉质特性、拉伸特性、糊化特性,以及对面包比容、含水量、硬度、弹性、感官品质的影响。结果表明,添加海藻酸钠可有效改善小麦粉面团的粉质特性、拉伸特性及糊化特性,提高面包的含水量,适量添加可有效提高面包比容、面包弹性及面包感官品质,降低面包硬度。综合分析添加海藻酸钠对混合粉粉质、拉伸和糊化特性以及对面包焙烤品质的影响,确定海藻酸钠最佳添加量为0.6%,为其在焙烤食品中的应用提供了理论依据。     

挤压改性绿豆粉对小麦粉加工及其面条品质特性的影响

研究了添加挤压改性绿豆粉对挤压改性绿豆-小麦混合粉粉质特性、面团流变特性和所制备面条品质的影响。首先采用双螺杆挤压机处理绿豆粉,随后将挤压改性绿豆粉以不同添加量(10%~60%)添至小麦粉中,制备面条。然后采用粉质拉伸仪、RVA黏度仪、流变和质构仪对混合粉的粉特性、面团流变性能以及面条的质构特性进行分析。结果表明,随着挤压改性绿豆粉添加量的增加,绿豆-小麦混合粉面团的形成时间、稳定时间、粉质质量指数急剧下降,混合粉的粉质特性明显降低,且与小麦粉相比,混合粉的起始糊化温度、峰值黏度、谷值黏度、最终黏度、崩解值及回生值呈明显的下降趋势;随着挤压改性绿豆粉添加量的增加,混合粉面团的G'和G″降低,面团的网络结构受到破坏;对于挤压改性绿豆-小麦混合面条,随着挤压改性绿豆粉添加量的增加(<40%时),其干物质吸水率和损失率有所提高,蒸煮面条的硬度、弹性、胶粘性、咀嚼性和回复性有所降低,综合感官评分降低,当挤压改性绿豆粉添加量≤ 20%时,整体可接受度接近小麦面条。最后分析三者之间的相关性发现,挤压改性绿豆粉的添加量、挤压改性绿豆-小麦混合粉的粉质特性、黏度特性与其制作面条的品质有明显的相关性。综上所述,挤压改性绿豆粉的添加改变了小麦面团的特性和面条的品质,其添加量不宜超过20%。     

富营养米糠粉对面包粉流变性影响的研究

本研究以大花岭粮库大米抛光工序副产品——抛光粉富营养米糠粉和市售金像B牌面包专用粉作为原材料,按不同米糠粉添加比(5%、10%、15%、20%)制成面包面团并测定其营养成分、面团的理化特性、面团的流变学特性,以讨论对面团品质的影响。结果表明,由于米糠的添加会对面团品质有一定程度的影响,且随着米糠粉添加比的增加,其对面团营养成分、理化特性、和流变学特性的影响程度越大。结合面团的各参数指标,最后确定了米糠添加比在10%时适合生产面包。     

米糠混粉面包配方优化及储存期质构特性

以米糠-高筋粉混粉为原料,采用二次发酵的方法制得米糠面包。通过单因素试验分析获得米糠添加量对混粉面包储存期内质构特性的影响,同时分析酵母和低聚木糖的含量对混粉面包感官和比容指标的影响,结合正交试验优化米糠混粉面包的配方工艺。结果表明,米糠面包最佳配方是米糠粉添加量为6.0%,酵母添加量为1.75%,低聚木糖添加量为1.25%。成品米糠混粉面包的质构特性显示出,混粉面包储存期72小时之内的凝聚性、咀嚼性、硬度和弹性均与对照无明显差异,整体回复性表现较好。米糠混粉面包的开发在增加面包新品种的同时使米糠的营养价值得以有效利用。     

Effect of Rice, Corn and Soy Flour Addition on Characteristics of Bread Produced from Different Wheat Cultivars

Preparation and consumption of bread enriched with flours that contain appreciable amounts of protein, lysine, dietary fiber, and minerals will provide a healthy alternative to consumers and also a lowering of bread making cost in countries where wheat is not a major domestic crop. Addition of rice, corn, and soy flour to bread and durum wheat flours at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50% levels was carried out to examine the effects on the baking (specific volume, color, firmness) and sensory characteristics of bread. Dough rheological properties were also studied using Brabender Farinograph and Extensograph. Results of the present study suggest that incorporation of rice, corn, and soy in bread wheat flour up to a level of 10% (flour basis) and in durum wheat flour up to 20% produces bread without any negative effect in quality attributes such as color, hardness, and flavor and reasonable acceptance offering promising nutritious and healthy alternative to consumers. Increasing levels of substitution (30 and 50%) resulted in decreasing dough strength, extensibility, and loaf volume, due to the replacement of gluten by the added protein. Overall acceptability scores of these breads were found to be very low. The durum flour can be substituted with nongluten flours up to 10% more than the bread wheat flour because of its stronger gluten matrix and better dough rheological characteristics.     

The effects of extruded black rice flour on rheological and structural properties of wheat-based dough and bread quality

Addition of raw black rice flour leads to deficient processability on bread making quality. One of the effective methods to modify the functional properties of black rice flour (BRF) composite dough is to extrude black rice flour (EBRF) before incorporation. This study investigated and compared the effect of BRF and EBRF addition level of 10%–50% on the rheology, microstructure of dough and bread quality. The rheological properties of composite dough were recorded by Mixolab, stress relaxation and tensile test. The substitution of EBRF presented higher water absorption but lower development time, protein weakening, starch gelatinization, starch gel stability and starch retrogradation than wheat flour dough. Both the BRF and EBRF dough presented solid-like behaviour, while the EBRF dough showed more viscous, higher resistance and extensibility than BRF dough. The dough microstructure of dough was observed by SEM, and a more compact structure of EBRF dough could be seen than BRF dough. The incorporation of EBRF in bread quality presented higher specific volume, lower bake loss and firmness than BRF bread. These findings indicated the potential utilisation value of extruded black rice flour in bread making.     

谷物膨化混合粉的应用研究

以优质的黑米、薏米、荞麦粉为原料，采用现代挤压膨化技术制成膨化粉，将膨化粉按一定比例添加到小麦粉中，分别制作出营养保健价值很高的馒头、蛋糕、烤糕，研制出相应的馒头制作工艺、蛋糕制作工艺、烤糕制作工艺和工艺参数。     

不同制粉方式制得的糙米粉性质及糙米米线品质研究

比较挤压膨化米糠回添法糙米粉、未处理米糠回添法糙米粉与全粉碎法糙米粉的糊化特性、水合特性与热特性,并将三种糙米粉制作为糙米米线后对其蒸煮品质、质构特性、结晶特性以及感官品质进行研究。结果表明,挤压膨化米糠回添法糙米粉与未处理米糠回添法糙米粉的回生值分别比全粉碎法糙米粉高14.2%与27.8%;未处理米糠回添法糙米粉的水溶性指数最高,比挤压膨化米糠回添法糙米粉与全粉碎法糙米粉分别高104.0%与99.7%。糙米米线品质方面,挤压膨化米糠回添法糙米粉制得的糙米米线蒸煮损失率最低,质构特性表明其硬度最大,且具有较好的咀嚼性与回复性;另外,挤压膨化米糠回添法糙米粉制得的糙米米线感官评价总分最高,较未处理米糠回添法糙米粉与全粉碎法糙米粉制得的糙米米线分别提高13.9%与19.2%。     

Rheological properties of wheat flour substitutes/alternative crops assessed by Mixolab

Wheat is one of the most common cereals used in the world. However, due to greater public awareness of celiac disease and gluten intolerance as well as consumers demands for healthy food and variety in food products, in many widely consumed staples, such as bread, wheat flour is fully or partially replaced with flour from other cereals, pseudocereals or legumes. Although wheat flour alternatives are readily available in the market, these products are often of inferior quality. The aim of this paper was to predict the suitability of alternative crops such as rice, corn, buckwheat, amaranth and soya for the production of quality bread. Their rheological properties were studied, and compared to the properties of wheat flour which served as a benchmark. The tested alternative cereals, pseudocereals and legumes were selected in order to represent the widely used ones in gluten-free products as well as the ones found to be nutritionally improved according to recent publications. Moreover, the differences between wheat and buckwheat flour, and their wholegrain counterparts were also studied. The determination of rheological properties of wheat flour dough as well as the dough from other raw materials (rice, corn, buckwheat, amaranth and soya) was performed by Mixolab. According to results obtained by Mixolab measurements, flours from different raw materials exhibited Mixolab profiles which greatly differ from wheat flour profile. Samples of rice and both types of buckwheat flour expressed the most similar rheological behaviour to wheat flour. However, since, there was no tested material which exactly mimic wheat flour dough properties, it was concluded that their mixtures would give the optimal rheological profile. Although it is a very challenging task to mimic wheat flour unique breadmaking properties, it is possible to create products having similar rheological behaviour to wheat flour dough, but improved functional properties.     

麦麸细粉营养成分分析及在面包烘焙中的应用

采用喷雾调质、研磨和筛选分离出小麦麸皮中的麦麸细粉,分析其营养成分,并通过流变特性测试及烘焙应用试验,研究其对面粉营养成分及面团烘焙特性的影响。结果表明,分离所得麦麸细粉的蛋白质和膳食纤维含量高达15.8%和33.6%,且富含钾、钙、铁等多种矿物质。随着麦麸细粉在面包专用粉中添加比例的增加,面包专用粉的灰分和湿面筋含量呈递增趋势;面筋指数、糊化黏度逐渐降低,面团吸水率、弱化度逐渐增加;稳定时间、延展性呈减小趋势;面包的搅拌时间、发酵时间延长,比容和品质评分降低。添加10%麦麸细粉的面包烘焙性能和感官品质较好,且营养价值得到了显著改善。     

蛋清蛋白添加对籼米-绿豆粉粉质特性及挤压米粉丝品质特性的影响

将籼米粉、绿豆粉和蛋清蛋白粉按照一定的比例复配,开发高纤维含量的杂粮米粉丝。研究了绿豆和蛋清蛋白的添加对米粉糊化特性、流变特性以及挤压米粉丝微观结构、蒸煮特性和质构等品质特性的影响。结果显示:添加一定量的绿豆粉和蛋清蛋白粉后,混合粉的峰值黏度、最低黏度、最终黏度、回生值、弹性模量、黏性模量均逐渐下降。随着绿豆粉的添加(25%,50%),米粉的蒸煮时间、断条率、蒸煮损失和吸水率均上升,硬度降低,表明米粉的品质显著降低,由扫描电镜图可以发现,加了绿豆粉之后米粉截面变得越来越粗糙,裂纹和孔洞明显增多。但当加入7.5%的蛋清蛋白后,米粉的蒸煮时间、蒸煮损失和断条率均下降,质构特性有一定程度的改善,表明蛋清蛋白良好的凝胶特性有助于提升高纤维含量挤压米粉丝的品质。     

不同杂粮添加对籼米粉粉质特性及挤压米粉品质特性的影响

本文选择绿豆、荞麦、高粱、薏米四种杂粮分别添加到籼米粉中,替代比例为25%。通过快速黏度测定仪、动态流变仪、质构仪和扫描电镜,研究了杂粮添加对米粉糊化特性、流变特性、凝胶质构和微观结构等特性的影响。利用挤压重组技术生产挤压杂粮米粉,研究了杂粮添加对挤压米粉蒸煮特性、质构特性的影响。结果表明,杂粮粉与籼米粉混合后,荞麦混合粉在淀粉糊化过程中表现出最高的峰值黏度和最终黏度,分别为4241和4705 cP,而薏米混合粉峰值黏度和回生值最低,分别为2438和1369 cP;添加杂粮后的凝胶结构呈现出较多的孔状,其中荞麦粉混合凝胶的硬度和弹性值最大,分别为16.60 g和0.89;添加杂粮后,挤压米粉的膨胀率、蒸煮损失、断条率均有所增加;添加荞麦粉后米粉的质构特性接近籼米米粉,而添加薏米粉的米粉质构特征值表明挤压米粉的品质显著降低(p<0.05)。利用挤压技术开发挤压杂粮米粉不仅可以提高米粉的营养价值,同时也有助于推动传统主食食品米粉的工业化发展进程。     

胡芦巴胶对混合粉制面包及生面团品质的影响

去皮高粱粉和粟米粉作面包用粉的替代物，以不同比例添加使用。胡芦巴胶部分替代面粉，替代率可达０．９％，研究了胡芦巴胶对流变特征及面包品质的影响。添加胶越多，生面团吸水量亦越高；添加胡芦巴胶后，生面团的稳定时间、断裂时间和机械耐力指数均有提高。按４∶１的面粉／高粱粉配方，添加０．６％胶可增大面包体积２１．８％，而０．９％的胶添加量能增大面包体积２１．３８％．     

Fatty acids composition and rheology properties of wheat and wheat and white or brown rice flour mixture

Manufacturing of bread from rice flour only presents technological difficulty because the rice is gluten-free and gluten is the most important structure forming protein. By using wheat and rice flour mixture, this problem can be avoided, and end product is enriched by rice-oil constituents. In this paper fatty acids composition, with an emphasis on total saturated, and total unsaturated fatty acids, rheological and baking properties of wheat–rice flour mixture (70:30 w/w) were investigated. The results show that wheat–rice flour mixture has better fatty acids composition with higher content of stearic, arachidic, lignoceric, oleic, and phthalic acids compared to wheat flour. Also, wheat flour did not include myristic, arachidic, lignoceric and linolenic acids, so rice flour addition made fatty acids profile richer as number of constituents is higher, nine instead six. The content of total unsaturated fatty acids content was higher in wheat–brown rice flour mixture than in wheat flour and in wheat–white rice flour mixture. When rice flour was added to wheat flour the rheological properties were changed: flour mixture had less water absorption, less degree of softening, longer development time, higher gelatinization temperature, but better stability and finally, better quality number and group than wheat flour. So, the wheat and rice flour mixture can be considered as a good quality flour and can be used for making good quality wheat-rice bread and cake.