超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定聚氯乙烯食品接触材料中3种柠檬酸酯增塑剂

目的 建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定聚氯乙烯食品接触材料中3种柠檬酸酯类增塑剂的方法。方法 采用正己烷/二氯甲烷（1∶1，V/V）提取，经硅胶固相萃取柱净化，乙腈/乙酸乙酯（1∶4，V/V）洗脱，进入UPLC-MS/MS分析，以乙腈和超纯水做流动相，经BEH C₁₈色谱柱（2.1 mm×50 mm，1.7 μm）分离，采用ESI源在MRM正离子模式下检测，外标法定量。结果 3种化合物在线性范围内决定系数R²>0.996，方法检出限0.1~0.6 μg/kg，定量限0.3~2.2 μg/kg，回收率为70.3%~103.1%，相对标准偏差为0.9%~9.8%。结论 该方法分析快速、灵敏、准确，适用于塑料材料中柠檬酸酯类增塑剂含量的检测，为新型增塑剂的添加使用监管提供方法。     

仿刺参雌性生殖腺皂苷提取分离工艺优化及体外抗氧化活性研究

目的:优化超声辅助提取和高速逆流色谱(HSCCC)分离仿刺参雌性生殖腺皂苷工艺并探究其抗氧化活性。方法:以提取时间、乙醇体积分数、超声时间、料液比为考察因素,采用响应面试验优化皂苷提取工艺;针对高速逆流色谱分离工艺的关键参数溶剂体系配比、流动相体积流量、转速进行优化,并通过DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基清除试验评价粗提物及分离组分的抗氧化活性。结果:粗皂苷的最佳提取条件为提取时间7 d,乙醇体积分数83%,超声时间33 min,料液比1∶20 (g/mL),此条件下皂苷提取率为(0.66±0.02)%。在HSCCC溶剂体系配比为V_乙酸乙酯∶V_正丁醇∶V_甲醇∶V_水为2.0∶3.0∶0.2∶4.8,流动相体积流量为2 mL/min,转速为800 r/min的条件下分离粗皂苷提取物得到组分1和组分2。粗皂苷提取物、组分1和组分2的DPPH自由基清除率分别可达(36.23±0.55)%,(35.07±0.20)%和(38.40±0.14)%,ABTS自由基清除率分别可达为(17.55±0.42)%,(24.49±0.50)%和(33.65±0.34)%。结论:经工艺优化获得了较高的仿刺参雌性生殖腺粗皂苷得率及较好的分离效果,且相较于粗皂苷,经HSCCC分离后得到的组分2的抗氧化活性有所提高。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定野生菌中9种蘑菇毒素

目的 建立液相色谱-串联质谱技术（LC-MS/MS）测定野生菌中5种急性肝衰竭型（α-鹅膏毒肽、β-鹅膏毒肽、γ-鹅膏毒肽、羧基二羟鬼笔毒肽和二羟鬼笔毒肽）和4种神经-精神紊乱型（鹅膏蕈氨酸、毒蝇母、毒蝇碱和裸盖菇素）蘑菇毒素的分析方法。方法 样品经干燥后采用0.5%（V/V）甲酸50%（V/V）甲醇-水溶液提取、乙腈沉淀蛋白质、水稀释后,采用XBridge^TM BEH C₁₈柱（150 mm×3.0 mm, 2.5 μm）分离、0.005%（V/V）甲酸水溶液-甲醇流动相体系梯度洗脱,MS/MS多反应监测（MRM）模式测定。结果 通过优化样品提取、稀释倍数和色谱条件,实现基于纯溶剂标准校正的不同野生菌中9种蘑菇毒素的定性和定量测定。样品基质中9种蘑菇毒素的检出限（LOD）和定量限（LOQ）分别为6~15 mg/kg和20~50 mg/kg,线性范围为0.004~2 mg/L,相关系数r在0.997 3~0.999 5之间。50、500和5 000 mg/kg三水平加标平均回收率为78.6%~109.7%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为2.7%~9.0%。多起中毒事件中采集的不同野生菌毒素组成和含量差异大。结论 本方法操作简便、快速,结果准确,已应用于常见有毒野生菌中蘑菇毒素检测和中毒应急事件处置,可以为中毒病因的鉴定和患者的及时救治提供快速、准确的技术支持。     

改良QuEChERS技术快速筛查降尿酸类药食同源食品中的57种非法添加药物

目的:建立快速筛查药食同源食品中的57种非法添加药物的方法。方法:采用QuEhERS前处理技术对提取样品进行净化处理,运用ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18色谱柱对57种非法添加药物进行分离,乙腈—水作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,质谱电喷雾和多反应监测模式进行检测分析。结果:建立的方法线性良好,57种非法添加药物的相关系数均大于0.99,检出限为0.03~0.10μg/kg,平均回收率为79.4%~92.6%,相对标准偏差为0.86%~5.61%。结论:该方法稳定、灵敏度高,适用于快速定性和定量筛查药食同源食品中的57种非法添加药物。     

通过式固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定小麦粉及面粉处理剂中的硫脲

目的 建立通过式固相萃取柱净化,高效液相色谱法测定小麦粉及面粉处理剂（FTA）中硫脲的分析方法。方法 试样中的硫脲经乙腈-水溶液（8：2,V/V）提取,通过式固相萃取柱PRiME HLB净化,XBridge Amide色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）分离,乙腈-水为流动相梯度洗脱,二极管阵列检测器（DAD）检测,外标法定量。结果 该方法在0.05~20 μg/mL浓度范围线性关系良好,相关系数（R²）>0.999;检出限（LOD,S/N≥3）为0.15 mg/kg,定量限（LOQ,S/N≥10）为0.5 mg/kg;在空白小麦粉和FTA中进行3个加标水平（LOQ、2LOQ、10LOQ）的加标回收实验,方法的平均回收率在95.5%~103.7%之间,相对标准偏差（RSD）<5.7%。结论 该方法解决了酶式FTA易胶化分散效果差的问题,同时有效去除了小麦粉及FTA中的基质干扰,保护了色谱柱。该方法简单、灵敏、准确,适用于小麦粉及FTA中硫脲的准确定性、定量分析。     

超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆/复合线性离子阱质谱法快速测定动物源性食品中5种硝基咪唑类药物残留

目的 采用通过式净化柱-超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆/复合线性离子阱质谱技术,建立了动物源性食品中5种硝基咪唑类药物残留的快速确证检测方法。方法 样品经1%甲酸-乙腈溶液提取后离心,上清液直接通过PRiME HLB柱净化,然后进入超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆/复合线性离子阱质谱（UPLC-QTRAP MS）进行分析。对净化条件、流动相、色谱柱等进行了优化。确定以PRiME HLB柱净化,Acquity BEH C₁₈柱为分析柱,0.1%甲酸水和乙腈溶液做为流动相,电喷雾正离子模式下多反应监测-触发增强子离子扫描（MRM-IDA-EPI）方式检测,同位素内标法定量。结果 方法的定量限为0.30~0.80 μg/kg。蛋、肉及水产中加标回收率范围为73.2%~115.2%,相对标准偏差为3.2%~9.3%。结论 该方法快速、灵敏、准确,适用于动物源性食品中硝基咪唑类药物残留的检测,可应用于大批量样品的筛查及确证。     

分散固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定植源性油料油脂中67种除草剂

目的 建立分散固相萃取结合液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定油料油脂中67种除草剂残留的检测方法。方法 选取花生、大豆、油菜籽、花生油、大豆油及菜籽油为典型基质试样,经1%甲酸-乙腈提取,通过乙二胺基-N-丙基和无水MgSO₄分散固相萃取净化。以甲醇和5 mmol/L乙酸铵（含0.1%甲酸）为流动相梯度洗脱,采用C₁₈色谱柱分离,ESI离子源正负离子模式同时进行多反应监测（MRM）,基质标准曲线外标法定量。结果 基质加标试验结果表明,0.000 5~0.08 mg/L浓度范围内67种除草剂线性良好,决定系数（R²）均>0.992,定量限（LOD）为0.005~0.02 mg/kg。3个加标水平下（LOD、2LOD、10LOD）的回收率为62.3%~118.1%,RSD（n=6）均<15%。结论 本方法稳定性高、特异性强、灵敏、准确、高效,可以用于油料油脂中多种除草剂残留的定性定量检测。     

流动相pH对苯甲酸等5种食品添加剂反相高效 液相色谱行为影响及分析方法的建立

目的研究反相高效液相色谱中流动相pH值对苯甲酸、山梨酸、脱氢乙酸、安赛蜜和糖精钠等5种食品添加剂色谱行为的影响。方法调节流动相甲醇-乙酸铵pH值,观察在不同品牌色谱柱中苯甲酸等5种化合物保留时间、分离度。结果在流动相pH=6.20±0.05条件下梯度洗脱,10个品牌的C_(18)色谱柱验证结果表明,苯甲酸等5种化合物均实现了基线分离。5种食品添加剂在0.10～100.0mg/L范围内线性关系良好(r~20.999),检出限和定量限分别为0.004～0.008 mg/L、0.01～0.04 mg/L。食品添加剂在调味品、肉制品类等6种基质中回收率范围为90.6%～109.0%,相对标准偏差为0.2%～7.2%。结论该方法具有稳定性强、准确、易操作且不需要刻意选择亲水性C_(18)色谱柱,适用于调味品、肉制品类等复杂基质的样品添加剂的检测。     

二极管阵列-高效液相色谱同时检测食品中的安赛蜜苯甲酸山梨酸糖精钠和脱氢乙酸

建立高效液相色谱法(HPLC)同时检测食品中的安赛蜜、苯甲酸、山梨酸、糖精钠和脱氢乙酸5种食品添加剂的方法,用Shimadzu VP-ODS C18柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)分离,以甲醇0.02 mol/L乙酸铵(pH 6.5)=5∶95(V∶V)为流动相,采用二极管阵列检测器(PDA)和保留时间对待测组分进行双重定性鉴别.     

HPLC-AFS法测定水产品中4种砷形态

目的：研究建立水产品中一甲基砷酸（MMA）、二甲基砷酸（DMA）、As（Ⅲ）和As（Ⅴ）的超声辅助提取—高效液相色谱—原子荧光光谱分析方法。方法：样品采用甲醇—水（V_甲醇∶V_水=1∶1）溶液超声提取,15 mmol/L磷酸氢二铵溶液（pH 6.0）为流动相,经PRP-X100阴离子交换柱分离,原子荧光光谱分析方法测定。结果：在优化试验条件下,MMA、DMA、As（Ⅲ）、As（Ⅴ）4种砷形态化合物在0～100 μg/mL的质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均在0.998以上,检出限分别为0.82,0.94,1.10,0.78 μg/L,相对标准偏差为0.8%～3.7%,加标回收率为86.0%～110.0%。结论：该方法简便,准确度、灵敏度高且试剂耗材费用低,适用于水产品中砷的形态分析。     

Determination of ethanol,volatile fatty acids,lactic and succinic acids in fermentation liquids by gas chromatography

A rapid and simple quantitative method was developed to determine, by gas chromatography, the concentrations in fermentation liquids of ethanol, the C₂-C₆ volatile fatty acids, and lactic and succinic acids. Aqueous samples were acidified with 250μlml^?1 metaphosphoric acid (5:1 ratio), centrifuged, and injected directly on to a column containing a porous aromatic polymer (Chromosorb 101) maintained at 200°C in a gas chromatograph fitted with a flame ionisation detector. It was unnecessary to purify samples further before injection, although distillation and ion-exchange methods were examined. Derivatisation of lactic and succinic acids before injection was not necessary, but the lowest level of detection of these two relatively non-volatile acids was about four times greater than that for the volatile fatty acids. The method described was suitable for the analysis of rumen fluid, methane digester fluid, silage extracts and other anaerobic fermentation fluids. The relative retention times are given for 23 organic acids and six other fermentation end-products.     

Short communication: Eicosatrienoic acid and docosatrienoic acid do not promote vaccenic acid accumulation in mixed ruminal cultures

Previous research found that docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3) was a component of fish oil that promotes trans-C18:1 accumulation in ruminal cultures when incubated with linoleic acid. The objective of this study was to determine if eicosatrienoic acid (C20:3n-3) and docosatrienoic acid (C22:3n-3), n-3 fatty acids in fish oil, promote accumulation of trans-C18:1, vaccenic acid (VA) in particular, using cultures of mixed ruminal microorganisms. Treatments consisted of control, control plus 5 mg of C20:3n-3 (ETA), control plus 5 mg of C22:3n-3 (DTA), control plus 15 mg of linoleic acid (LA), control plus 5 mg of C20:3n-3 and 15 mg of linoleic acid (ETALA), and control plus 5 mg of C22:3n-3 and 15 mg of linoleic acid (DTALA). Treatments were incubated in triplicate in 125-mL flasks, and 5 mL of culture contents was taken at 0 and 24 h for fatty acid analysis by gas-liquid chromatography. After 24 h of incubation, the concentrations of trans-C18:1 (0.87, 0.88, and 0.99 mg/culture), and VA (0.52, 0.56, and 0.62 mg/culture) were similar for the control, ETA, and DTA cultures, respectively. The concentrations of trans-C18:1 (5.51, 5.41, and 5.36 mg/culture), and VA (4.78, 4.62, and 4.59 mg/culture) were also similar between LA, ETALA, and DTALA cultures, respectively. These data suggest that C20:3n-3 and C22:3n-3 are not the active components in fish oil that promote VA accumulation when incubated with linoleic acid.     

Effects of abomasal infusions of fatty acids and 1-carbon donors on apparent fatty acid digestibility and incorporation into milk fat in cows

Our primary objective was to determine the effects of the abomasal infusion of 16-carbon (16C) and 22-carbon (22C) fatty acids (FA) on apparent FA digestibility, plasma FA concentrations, and their incorporation into milk fat in cows. Our secondary objective was to study the effects of 1-carbon donors choline and l-serine on these variables. Five rumen-cannulated Holstein cows (214 ± 4.9 d in milk; 3.2 ± 1.1 parity) were enrolled in a 5 × 5 Latin square experiment with experimental periods lasting 6 d. Abomasal infusates consisted of (1) palmitic acid (PA; 98% 16:0 of total fat), (2) PA + choline chloride (PA+CC; 50 g/d of choline chloride), (3) PA + l-serine (PA+S; 170 g/d of l-serine), (4) behenic acid (BA; 92% 22:0 of total fat), and (5) docosahexaenoic acid algal oil (DHA; 47.5% DHA of total fat). Emulsions were formulated to provide 301 g/d of total FA and were balanced to provide a minimum of 40 and 19 g/d of 16:0 and glycerol, respectively, to match the content found in the infused algal oil. Apparent digestibility of FA was highest in DHA, intermediate in PA, and lowest in BA. Digestibility of 16C FA was lowest in BA and highest in PA. The digestibility of 22C FA was highest in DHA relative to BA (99 vs. 58%), whereas 1-carbon donors had no effect on 22C FA digestibility. Plasma 16C FA concentrations were greatest with PA treatment, and 22C FA concentrations were ~3-fold greater in DHA-treated cows relative to all other treatments. Milk fat 16:0 content was highest in PA relative to BA and DHA (e.g., 37 vs. 27% in PA and DHA), whereas the milk yield of 16:0 was higher in PA relative to DHA (i.e., 454 vs. 235 g/d). Similarly, milk 22:0 content and yield were ~10-fold higher in BA relative to all other treatments, whereas DHA treatment resulted in higher content and yield of 22:6 in milk fat relative to all other treatments (41- and 38-fold higher, respectively). Consequently, the content of FA >16C (i.e., preformed) was higher in milk fat from cows infused with BA and DHA relative to PA. De novo FA content in milk did not differ between PA, PA+CC, and PA+S (~16% of milk fat) but was higher in BA and DHA treatments (19 and 21%, respectively). We conclude that FA carbon chain length and degree of saturation affected FA digestibility and availability for absorption as well as their incorporation into milk fat. The abomasal infusion of choline chloride and l-serine did not modify these variables relative to infusing palmitic acid alone.     

奶粉脂肪酸与乳制品风味关系研究

用气质（GC—MS）联用色谱分析了11个商业奶粉样品的脂肪酸组成以及含量,每个样品均检测到了28种脂肪酸,在表现奶粉风味的4个呈味脂肪酸,也即辛酸、己酸、壬酸和葵酸中只检测到了辛酸和葵酸。辛酸和葵酸含量在进口奶粉中普遍高于国产奶粉。国产奶粉中辛酸和葵酸的含量以2号最好,3号其次。亚油酸含量在国产奶粉中普遍高于进口奶粉。     

酸味酿造产品中三酸比例评析

酸味酿造产品中乳酸、醋酸、丁酸共存,但比例不同形成的酸味特征也不同。控制不同的环境条件,创造出不同的微生物区系,形成不同的三酸比例,才能形成不同的产品风格。该文对常见的酸味酿造产品中微生物区系的变化及三酸含量进行了分析。     

花生四烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸和二十碳五烯酸 在炎症中的作用概述

心脑血管疾病、肿瘤、糖尿病、神经系统疾病、自身免疫等疾病严重危害着人类的生命和健康,并消耗着大量医疗资源。事实上,很多疾病发生和发展的背后都伴随着炎症反应,炎症是众多疾病的病理基础,甚至是导致这些疾病的诱因。炎症本身是机体的防御性反应,但过度的炎症反应和长期慢性炎症会损害机体的稳态。炎症的调节和控制由炎症介质介导,花生四烯酸(arachidonic acid,AA)、二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexaenoic acid,DHA)和二十碳五烯酸(eicosapentaenoic acid,EPA)等长链多不饱和脂肪酸(10ng-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids,LC-PUFAs)的衍生物是一类重要的调控炎症的介质。炎性细胞间的交流和细胞内信号传递与LC-PUFAs有关。AA经环氧酶和脂氧合酶合成的类二十烷酸主要起促炎作用,但有的也有抗炎作用。DHA和EPA在体内起抗炎作用,由它们合成的消退素(resolvins,Rvs)和保护素(protectin,PD)是重要的抗炎活性物质。DHA和EPA还可以干扰炎性细胞内信号传导途径来抑制炎症反应。本文从炎症与疾病的关系、LC-PUFAs的衍生物及其促炎和抗炎机制等方面综述了AA、DHA和EPA在炎症中的作用。     

气相色谱法同时快速测定食品中丙酸、山梨酸、苯甲酸及脱氢乙酸

通过液液萃取净化样品研究,建立了食品中丙酸、山梨酸、苯甲酸、脱氢乙酸及其盐含量气相色谱同时快速测定方法,适用于固体非酯(脂)类食品的检测。结果表明:丙酸的回收率在85.1%~91.3%之间,其余3种防腐剂的回收率均在95.2%~99.4%之间;实验室内变异系数(CV,n=6)最大值≤4.7%,4种防腐剂检出限均在0.002 g/kg以下。4种目标物在有杂质干扰时,可用不同的极性毛细管柱做进一步的确认。本方法具有适用范围广、检测效率高、重现性好、准确度高、检出限低的特点,推广应用对我国食品安全的监督检验具有重要的意义。     

Growth of Aeromonas hydrophila K144 as Affected by Organic Acids

The influence of different acids on the aerobic growth kinetics of Aeromonas hydrophila was studied in BHI broth with 0.5 and 2.0% NaCl incubated at 5 and 19°C. Growth curve data were analyzed by the Gompertz equation and a nonlinear regression program; generation and lag times were calculated from the Gompertz parameters. Type of acid, pH, NaCl level and temperature influenced lag and generation times. The organic acids (acetic, lactic, citric and tartaric) inhibited growth at higher pH values than inorganic acids (HCl and H₂SO₄). The high NaCl level interacted with type of acid and pH to restrict growth of the organism at the lower temperature of incubation. Acetic and lactic acids were effective in controlling the growth of A. hydrophila and could readily be combined with low holding temperature to render foods free of the organism.     

杂多酸催化合成辛酸蔗糖酯

以蔗糖、辛酸为原料,杂多酸为催化剂合成辛酸蔗糖酯。用L16(45)正交设计优化实验,高效液相色谱法分析反应液组成。考察了催化剂种类和用量、反应温度、原料配比、反应时间等因素对辛酸蔗糖酯产率的影响,发现以二甲基亚砜为溶剂、蔗糖与辛酸摩尔比1∶9、磷钨酸用量为蔗糖质量的2.0%、110℃反应时间6h,蔗糖转化率达60%,产物产要是二酯。动力学研究发现,蔗糖反应级数为一级,反应表观速率常数为0.0059min-1(90℃)、0.0117min-1(110℃),反应表观活化能Ea=39.57kJ/mol。     

气相色谱法同时测定保健食品中的5种 不饱和脂肪酸

目的建立气相色谱法同时测定保健食品中亚油酸、α-亚麻酸、二十碳五烯酸(eicosapentaenoic acid,EPA)、二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexaenoic acid,DHA)和二十二碳五烯酸(docosapentaenoic acid,DPA)的含量。方法样品先采用氢氧化钾甲醇溶液进行皂化处理,再用三氟化硼甲醇溶液甲酯化,经HP-FFAP色谱柱(30m×0.53 mm,1.0μm)分离测定。结果 EPA甲酯、DHA甲酯、DPA甲酯、亚油酸甲酯、α-亚麻酸甲酯分别在0.03927~1.178、0.04200~1.260、0.03449~1.035、0.08368~1.255、0.08482~4.241 mg/mL的浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r均大于0.999;检出限分别为0.0039、0.0042、0.0034、0.0042、0.0042 mg/mL;加标回收率在91.1%~109.3%之间,相对标准偏差均小于5%。结论该方法操作简单快捷,适用于保健食品中亚油酸、α-亚麻酸、EPA、DPA和DHA的测定。