微滴式数字PCR检测冷冻草莓中GⅠ、GⅡ型诺如病毒

目的:建立一种检测冷冻草莓中诺如病毒(GⅠ和GⅡ)的逆转录微滴数字PCR (RT-ddPCR)方法。方法:根据ISO标准选定检测引物,优化反应体系,退火温度,进行了方法学实验,建立了一种快速检测冷冻草莓中GⅠ和GⅡ亚型诺如病毒的新方法。结果:确定了数字PCR检测GⅠ型诺如病毒退火温度为56.5℃,GⅡ型诺如病毒退火温度为58.1℃。RT-ddPCR检测GⅠ质粒标准品标准曲线的R2=0.9947,RT-ddPCR检测GⅡ质粒标准品标准曲线的R2=0.9950,说明该方法具有良好的线性关系。与RT-qPCR灵敏度对比,RT-ddPCR法的灵敏度比RT-qPCR法高一个数量级。在检测范围内,最低检测限低至个位拷贝数。RSD最小为3.8%,表明该实验重复性良好。浓度较低100 copies/μL左右时,RT-ddPCR的重复性不佳。结论:本研究建立的诺如病毒数字PCR法具有特异性强、灵敏度高、检测限低等优点,可用于冷冻草莓中诺如病毒的定量检测。     

高效液相色谱法测定鸡蛋、鸡肉中五种类胡萝卜素物质

本文研究了鸡蛋、鸡肉中虾青素、叶黄素、斑蝥黄、玉米黄素、β-胡萝卜素等5种类胡萝卜素同时检测的HPLC方法。结果表明,5种类胡萝卜素在0.5~100 μg/mL线性范围内有较好的线性关系,决定系数R2均大于0.996,方法的检出限均在0.10~0.20 mg/kg之间,定量限在0.33~0.66 mg/kg之间。在1、10、20 mg/kg的加标水平下,鸡蛋和鸡肉样品的加标回收率分别在71.6%~112.9%和88.6%~119.7%之间,RSD均≤7.2%。该方法快速简单、准确度高、重复性好,适用于鸡蛋、鸡肉等复杂基质样品中5种类胡萝卜素类物质检测的要求,对于鸡蛋、鸡肉的市场监管具有重要意义。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蔬菜水果中苦参碱残留量

摘 要： 目的 建立一种食品中苦参碱残留量的液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法,为标准方法的建立提供技术支撑。方法 样品经乙腈提取, PSA净化。采用2 mmol乙酸铵(A)和甲醇(B)作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用三重四级杆质谱对苦参碱进行检测定量。考察实验的重复性,苦参碱在各样品基质的基质效应,以及样品提取溶液的稳定性等指标。结果 本研究方法的条件下,基质标准曲线方程为y = 1180.6x + 63.317(R2=0.9998),试剂标准曲线方程为y = 1831x + 404.28(R2=0.9995)。检出限为2 μg/kg,定量限可达到5 μg/kg。苦参碱在十种食品种类中在5、50和500 μg/kg三个添加水平的回收率为73.71%~99.94%, 相对标准偏差均小于6.88%(n=6)。样品的重复性、稳定性较好,均小于10%。结论 该方法快速、准确、灵敏, 适用于水果、蔬菜中苦参碱的大批量检测。     

贻贝中诺如病毒荧光定量反转录PCR检测及北京市污染情况调查

目的监测北京市市售贻贝中诺如病毒(NoV)的污染率及污染浓度,为贝类样品中诺如病毒的风险评估提供基础数据。方法解剖并分离贻贝的内脏团,将内脏团研磨至均质,加入磷酸盐缓冲液振荡60 min,提取病毒颗粒。提取病毒RNA,荧光定量反转录PCR检测诺如病毒,并进行定量分析。结果共检测293份贻贝样品,总阳性率为9.22%(27/293),其中诺如病毒基因组Ⅰ(GGⅠ)占阳性样品数的37.04%(10/27),基因组Ⅱ(GGⅡ)占阳性样品数的62.96%(17/27),未检测到同时携带GGⅠ和GGⅡ的样品。阳性样品中诺如病毒浓度范围在6.20×10~3~3.15×10~5基因拷贝/g(内脏)之间。结论北京市市售贻贝中存在诺如病毒污染。     

HPLC法同时测定金银花等样品中6种绿原酸异构体的含量

目的:建立HPLC法同时测定茶叶、枸杞叶、地瓜叶、咖啡、金银花中新绿原酸、绿原酸、隐绿原酸、异绿原酸B、异绿原酸A和异绿原酸C的含有量。方法:采用50%甲醇溶液为提取剂,超声波辅助提取30 min,提取液的分析采用Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相乙腈-0.1%甲酸溶液,梯度洗脱;流速1.0 mL/min,进样量10μL,检测波长327nm,柱温30℃。结果:6种绿原酸异构体在0.50~50 mg/L范围内线性关系良好(r>0.9995),检出限1.1~1.5 mg/kg,定量限3.7~5.0 mg/kg;在不同植物样品基质中平均加样回收率93.5%~102%,RSD>3.17%。结论:该方法简便,重复性好,准确度高,可用于植物样品中绿原酸及其异构体的含量测定及产品质量控制。     

猪胃黏蛋白偶联磁珠和聚乙二醇富集检测青葱和葡萄中诺如病毒的比较研究

目的:以青葱与葡萄为材料,建立以猪胃黏蛋白偶联磁珠(PGM-MB)和聚乙二醇8000(PEG8000)富集检测水果、蔬菜中诺如病毒的方法。方法:确定病毒原液中的相对病毒量,梯度稀释病毒原液并进行实时荧光-聚合酶链式反应检测,以每个反应管内的荧光信号达到设定的域值时所经历的循环数值与病毒量(实时荧光-聚合酶链式反应单位数)的常用对数值绘制标准曲线和线性方程;人工接种诺如病毒于青葱与葡萄表面,洗脱后,分别用PEG8000和PGM-MB富集诺如病毒,实时荧光-聚合酶链式反应扩增,用标准曲线对回收的病毒进行相对定量。结果:基质为青葱时,高接种量条件下,两种富集方法的病毒回收效果相当,低接种量下,PGM-MB法的富集回收率高于PEG8000法,且PGM-MB的检测下限更低;基质为葡萄时,PGM-MB法的富集回收率均高于PEG8000法,且检测下限更低。结论:PGM-MB富集效果良好,快速方便,适合应用于水果和蔬菜中的诺如病毒的富集检测。     

基于微滴式数字聚合酶链式反应技术的肉制品中鸭源性成分的定量检测

为实现肉制品中鸭源性成分的定量检测,基于微滴式数字聚合酶链式反应（droplet digital polymerase chain reaction,ddPCR）技术,以鸭生长激素（growth hormone,GH）基因为靶基因,建立肉制品中鸭源性成分的定量检测方法。结果表明：所建立的ddPCR方法能特异性检测鸭源性成分,灵敏性为11.1 copies/μL;根据鸭肉粉质量（mg）与DNA质量浓度（ng/μL）、DNA质量浓度（ng/μL）与鸭GH基因拷贝数浓度（copies/μL）之间的线性关系,建立鸭肉粉质量（x）与鸭GH基因拷贝数浓度（y）之间的关系式为 x =(n * y)/725.046 - n/1317.06 + 0.153;模拟混合样本中鸭肉粉质量分数5%～100%时,鸭源性成分检测的绝对误差均小于±1.52%,变异系数均小于10.38%,回收率为98.35%～125.32%;在88 份商品化肉制品中,11 份肉制品中检出鸭源性成分,检出率为12.5%,且鸭源性成分含量为18.6%～87.4%。本研究所建立的鸭源性成分ddPCR方法有较好的准确性和较强的适用性,能够应用于肉制品中鸭源性成分的定量检测。     

Evaluation of a norovirus detection methodology for ready-to-eat foods

Despite recent norovirus (NoV) foodborne outbreaks related to consumption of ready-to-eat (RTE) foods, a standardized assay to detect NoV in these foods is not available yet. Therefore, the robustness of a methodology for NoV detection in RTE foods was evaluated. The NoV detection methodology consisted of direct RNA extraction with an eventual concentration step, followed by RNA purification and a multiplex RT-qPCR assay for the detection of GI and GII NoV and the murine norovirus-1 (MNV-1), the latter used as process control. The direct RNA extraction method made use of the guanidine-isothiocyanate containing reagent (Tri-reagent?, Ambion) to extract viral RNA from the food sample (basic protocol called TriShort), followed by an eventual concentration step using organic solvents (extended protocol called TriConc). To evaluate the robustness of the NoV detection method, the influence of (1) the NoV inoculum level and (2) different food types on the recovery of NoV from RTE foods was investigated. Simultaneously, the effect of two RNA purification methods (manual RNeasy minikit (Qiagen) and automated NucliSens EasyMAG (BioMérieux)) on the recovery of NoV from these foods was examined. Finally, MNV-1 was evaluated as process control. First of all, high level GI and GII NoV inocula (~10? NoV genomic copies/10 g) could be recovered from penne salad samples (10 g) in at least 4 out of 6 PCRs, while low level GI and GII NoV inocula (~10? NoV genomic copies/10 g) could be recovered from this food product in maximally 3 out 6 PCRs, showing a significant influence of the NoV inoculum level on its recovery. Secondly, low level GI and GII NoV inocula (10? NoV genomic copies/10 g) were spiked onto 22 ready-to-eat food samples (10 g) classified in three categories (soups, deli sandwiches and composite meals). The GI and GII NoV inocula could be recovered from 20 of the 22 samples. The TriConc protocol provided better recoveries of GI and GII NoV for soups while the TriShort protocol yielded better results for the recovery of GII NoV from composite meals. NoV recovery from deli sandwiches was problematic using either protocol. Thirdly, the simultaneous comparison of two RNA purification protocols demonstrated that automated RNA purification performed equally or better compared to manual RNA extraction. Finally, MNV-1 was successfully evaluated as process control when detecting NoV in RTE foods using this detection methodology. In conclusion, the evaluated NoV detection method was capable of detecting NoV in RTE foods, although recoveries were influenced by the inoculum level and by the food type.     

含4 种食源性病毒检测靶标多联装甲RNA的制备、纯化与定值

基于Qβ噬菌体装甲RNA制备平台构建同时含有诺如病毒（norovirus,NoV）、甲肝病毒（hepatitis A virus,HAV）、轮状病毒（rotavirus,RV）、星状病毒（astrovirus,AstV）检测靶标RNA的多联装甲RNA（multiplex armored RNA,AR-MulV）,并进行纯化与初步定值。结果表明,重组质粒在大肠杆菌中成功表达,表达产物大小约为14.1 kDa;制备的AR-MulV经纯化后无杂蛋白与残留重组质粒,电镜下可见大量结构形态完整的病毒样颗粒,大小约为25 nm。初步定值结果显示,AR-MulV中GI型NoV、GII型NoV、HAV、RV和AstV检测靶标RNA的含量分别为（1.24±0.2）×107、（2.54±0.6）×107、（2.24±0.3）×107、（2.96±0.5）×107 copies/μL和（3.19±0.4）×107 copies/μL。本研究基于Qβ噬菌体装甲RNA制备平台成功制备同时包含4 种食源性病毒标准方法检测靶标的多联装甲RNA,为食源性病毒的分子检测以及多重实时荧光定量逆转录-聚合酶链式反应阳性质控样品的研发提供新思路。     

柱前在线衍生-高效液相色谱法测定保健食品纳豆胶囊中的牛磺酸

建立了检测保健食品中牛磺酸的柱前在线衍生-高效液相色谱方法。样品经过去离子水提取,与邻苯二甲醛在线衍生,以A相：0.02 mmol/L的乙酸钠（pH 7.2,0.018%三乙胺,0.3%的四氢呋喃）;B相：100 mmol/L的乙酸钠（pH 7.2）20%,乙腈40%,甲醇40%为流动相,梯度洗脱,采用Thermo HypersilODSC18色谱柱（4.6mm×150mm,5μm）分离,紫外线检测。方法检出限为0.51 mg/L;标准曲线的线性范围为0-1000.0mg/L,相关系数R2=0.9992,具有良好的线性关系,加标回收率为103.9%-105.0%,相对标准偏差为0.9%-2.9%。该方法的灵敏度高、准确性好、前处理操作简单,适用于保健食品纳豆胶囊中牛磺酸含量的检测。