应力下LDD nMOSFET栅控产生电流退化特性研究

研究了LDD nMOSFET栅控产生电流在电子和空穴交替应力下的退化特性。电子应力后栅控产生电流减小,相继的空穴注人中和之前的陷落电子而使得产生电流曲线基本恢复到初始状态。进一步发现产生电流峰值在空穴应力对电子应力引发的退化的恢复程度与阈值电压和最大饱和漏电流不同。电子应力中陷落电子位于栅漏交叠区附近的沟道侧I区和LDD侧的II区中氧化层中。GIDL应力中,空穴注入进II区中和了陷落电子,使得产生电流的退化基本得到恢复,但这些空穴并未有效中和I区中的陷落电子,因此阈值电压和最大饱和漏电流退化恢复的程度较小,分别为20%和7%。     

90nm工艺下nMOS器件最大衬底电流应力特性

研究了90nm工艺条件下的轻掺杂漏(lightly-doped drain,LDD)nMOSFET器件最大衬底电流应力特性.在比较分析了连续不同电应力后LDD nMOSFET的GIDL(gate-induced drain leakage)电流变化后,发现当器件的栅氧厚度接近1nm,沟长接近100nm时,最大衬底电流应力不是电子注入应力,也不是电子和空穴的共同注入应力,而是一种空穴注入应力,并采用空穴应力注入实验、负最大衬底电流应力实验验证了这一结论.     

90nm工艺下nMOS器件最大衬底电流应力特性

研究了90nm工艺条件下的轻掺杂漏(lightly-doped drain,LDD)nMOSFET器件最大衬底电流应力特性.在比较分析了连续不同电应力后LDD nMOSFET的GIDL(gate-induced drain leakage)电流变化后,发现当器件的栅氧厚度接近1nm,沟长接近100nm时,最大衬底电流应力不是电子注入应力,也不是电子和空穴的共同注入应力,而是一种空穴注入应力,并采用空穴应力注入实验、负最大衬底电流应力实验验证了这一结论.     

一个新的pMOSFET栅电流退化模型

研究了最大栅电流应力(即pMOSFET最坏退化情况)下pMOSFET栅电流的退化特性.实验发现,在最大栅电流应力下,pMOSFET栅电流随应力时间会发生很大下降,而且在应力初期和应力末期栅电流的下降规律均会偏离公认的指数规律.给出了所有这些现象的详细物理解释,并在此基础上提出了一种新的用于pMOSFET寿命评估的栅电流退化模型.     

一个新的pMOSFET栅电流退化模型

研究了最大栅电流应力 (即 p MOSFET最坏退化情况 )下 p MOSFET栅电流的退化特性 .实验发现 ,在最大栅电流应力下 ,p MOSFET栅电流随应力时间会发生很大下降 ,而且在应力初期和应力末期栅电流的下降规律均会偏离公认的指数规律 .给出了所有这些现象的详细物理解释 ,并在此基础上提出了一种新的用于 p MOSFET寿命评估的栅电流退化模型     

HALO结构pMOSFETs在V_g=V_d/2应力模式下应力相关的热载流子退化

研究了超薄栅(2 .5 nm )短沟HAL O- p MOSFETs在Vg=Vd/ 2应力模式下不同应力电压时热载流子退化特性.随着应力电压的变化,器件的退化特性也发生了改变.在加速应力下寿命外推方法会导致过高地估计器件寿命.在高场应力下器件退化是由空穴注入或者电子与空穴复合引起的,随着应力电压的下降器件退化主要是由电子注入引起的.最后,给出了两种退化机制的临界电压并在实验中得到验证     

HALO结构pMOSFETs在Vg=Vd/2应力模式下应力相关的热载流子退化

研究了超薄栅(2.5nm)短沟HALO-pMOSFETs在Vg=Vd/2应力模式下不同应力电压时热载流子退化特性.随着应力电压的变化,器件的退化特性也发生了改变.在加速应力下寿命外推方法会导致过高地估计器件寿命.在高场应力下器件退化是由空穴注入或者电子与空穴复合引起的,随着应力电压的下降器件退化主要是由电子注入引起的.最后,给出了两种退化机制的临界电压并在实验中得到验证.     

不同栅压应力下1.8V pMOS热载流子退化机理研究

本文详细研究了不同栅压应力下1.8V pMOS器件的热载流子退化机理.研究结果表明,随着栅压应力增加,电子注入机制逐渐转化为空穴注入机制,使得pMOS漏极饱和电流(I_dsat)、漏极线性电流(I_dlin)及阈值电压(V_th)等性能参数退化量逐渐增加,但在V_gs=90%*V_ds时,因为没有载流子注入栅氧层,使得退化趋势出现转折.此外,研究还发现,界面态位于耗尽区时对空穴迁移率的影响小于其位于非耗尽区时的影响,致使正向I_dsat退化小于反向I_dsat退化,然而,正反向I_dlin退化却相同,这是因为I_dlin状态下器件整个沟道区均处于非耗尽状态.     

20V NLDMOS器件在关态雪崩击穿条件下的退化

对一种工作在关态雪崩击穿条件下的20V的NLDMOS器件的退化特性进行了研究。通过电流脉冲应力实验、TCAD软件仿真、以及电荷泵测试,提出了两种退化机制。第一种机制是N型漂移区中热空穴注入到氧化层中,在氧化层中形成固定正电荷;第二种机制是漂移区中界面态的增加引起的载流子迁移率下降。这两种机制都随着雪崩电流的增加而增强。     

直接隧穿应力下超薄栅氧MOS器件退化

研究了栅氧厚度为1.4nm MOS器件在恒压直接隧穿应力下器件参数退化和应力感应漏电流退化.实验结果表明,在不同直接隧穿应力过程中,应力感应漏电流(SILC)的退化和Vth的退化均存在线性关系.为了解释直接隧穿应力下SILC的起因,建立了一个界面陷阱和氧化层陷阱正电荷共同辅助遂穿模型.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.