通过型固相萃取净化-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测鸡肉中23种磺胺类药物残留

建立了通过型固相萃取净化超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测鸡肉中23种磺胺类药物残留的分析方法。鸡肉样品经80%乙腈溶液（含0.2%甲酸）提取,Oasis PRiME HLB固相萃取柱进行净化,用Waters Acquity UPLC CSH C18色谱柱（100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm）分离,以甲醇和0.1%甲酸溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,电喷雾源正离子扫描及依赖保留时间的多反应监测模式下（Scheduled MRM）检测,外标法定量。结果表明:23种磺胺类药物在线性范围0.2~20 ng/mL上有良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.9996;检出限为0.1~2.0 μg/kg,定量限为0.25~5.0 μg/kg;在1.0、2.0、5.0 μg/kg三个加标水平上平均回收率为66.12%~99.83%,相对标准偏差（RSD,n=6）为0.72%~10.36%;该方法操作简单、灵敏度高、重现性好,适用于鸡肉中多种磺胺类药物残留的检测。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鸡肉中磺胺及其增效剂残留量

建立鸡肉中122种磺胺及1种增效剂多残留检测的液相色谱-串联质谱法。样品经过甲酸-乙腈(1:199,V/V)溶液提取,正己烷脱脂,液-液分配净化后,C_(18)柱分离,甲醇、甲酸-水(体积分数0.1%)为流动相梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾电离源(electrospray ionization,ESI)正离子多反应检测(multiple reaction monitoring,MRM)模式检测,外标法定量。结果表明:药物在2.0~100.0μg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.99,方法的检出限和定量限分别为0.5μg/kg和2.0μg/kg,在添加量为2.0、5.0、10.0μg/kg时回收率为61.8%~88.3%,相对标准偏差小于11.3%。该方法简便快捷,可用于鸡肉中磺胺类药物及其增效剂的多残留检测。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪肉中13种磺胺类药物残留

利用液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱建立猪肉中13种磺胺类药物残留的同时、快速分析方法.猪肉样品中的残留药物用1%乙酸-乙腈均质提取,浓缩后用0.1%甲酸-乙腈定容,并用正己烷液-液分配除脂后,用Kinetex C18色谱柱(100mm×2.1mm,2.6μm)分离,以0.1%甲酸-乙腈作为流动相梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾正离子电离,多反应监测模式检测,基质匹配外标法定量.13种磺胺类药物在1~300μg/kg范围内线性关系良好,定量限均小于10μg/kg.在1、2μg/kg和10μg/kg这3个添加水平下,回收率在60.0%~78.1%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.24%~8.88%之间.此方法操作简便,灵敏度、准确度、精密度均满足残留分析的要求.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定鳗鱼中32种兽药残留

目的 建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定鳗鱼中13种磺胺类、15种喹诺酮类和4种四环素类兽药残留的分析方法。方法 鳗鱼试样采用乙二胺四乙酸二钠(ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, Na2EDTA)-Mcllvaine提取液进行提取, HLB固相萃取柱净化, Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18色谱柱分离, 以0.1%甲酸乙腈和0.1%甲酸水溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱; 电喷雾正离子模式下, 以多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM)方式采集数据进行定性与定量分析, 外标法定量。结果 磺胺类、喹诺酮类及四环素类药物分别在2~50、2~50、5~100 μg/kg浓度范围内线性相关性良好, 相关系数均大于0.99; 不同加标水平的平均回收率为82.6%~110.2%, 相对标准偏差(relative standard deviations, RSDs)为3.2%~13.9%, 检出限(limits of detection, LODs)和定量限(limits of quantification, LOQs)分别为0.3~2.0 μg/kg和1.0~5.0 μg/kg。结论 本方法快速简便、灵敏可靠, 适合大批量鳗鱼中同时快速对磺胺类、喹诺酮类及四环素类兽药残留进行定性和定量检测。     

液相色谱–串联质谱法检测猪肉中5种磺胺类药物残留

目的建立液相色谱-串联质谱法(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,LC-MS/MS)测定猪肉组织中5种磺胺类药物残留的方法。方法猪肉样品中的残留药物经乙腈提取后用正己烷去除脂肪,经氮吹浓缩后用初始流动相浴解定容。用Shim-pack GIST C_(18)色谱柱(150 mm×2.1 mm,5μm)分离,以0.1%甲酸-水溶液和0.1%甲酸-0.1%乙腈溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,质谱采用多反应监测模式对5种磺胺类药物的定量离子和定性离子进行监测,以外标法定量。结果本方法在6.5 min内完成5种目标化合物的分离分析。5种磺胺类药物在0.5～50μg/kg范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r2为0.9980～0.9999,在5、10、20μg/L添加水平的回收率为(59.96±1.71)%～(96.09±0.54)%,日内相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)为1.32%～2.99%,日间RSD为0.41%～0.94%(n=5),方法定量限均小于5μg/kg。结论该方法操作快速、灵敏、准确,可用于猪肉组织中5种磺胺类药物的残留检测。     

UPLC-MS/MS法检测运动营养品中磺胺类药物的残留

建立一种超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测动物源性运动营养品中9种磺胺类药物残留的分析方法。样品前处理用乙醇沉淀蛋白后,采用HLB小柱进行净化和富集。采用Waters Atalantis T3色谱柱(2.1 mm×150 mm,3μm)分离,以0.1%甲酸-乙腈为流动相的梯度洗脱模式下,9种磺胺类药物在1.0~20.0 ng/m L浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数R2为0.994~0.999,检出限均为4.0μg/kg,定量限均为13.0μg/kg。当分别添加10,50和100μg/kg等3个浓度的标准混合溶液时,加标回收率达到80.6%~92.2%。该方法具有前处理简单、净化效果好、灵敏度高和检测速度快的优点,适用于动物源性运动营养品中磺胺类药物残留的分析和定量检测。     

液相色谱-串联质谱快速检测禽类组织中 黄霉素A残留量

目的 建立检测禽类组织(肌肉、脂肪、肝脏、肾脏)中黄霉素A残留的超快速液相色谱-四极杆/线性离子阱质谱方法。方法 混合均匀的试样经10%氨化甲醇提取, 乙腈沉降蛋白净化后, 以0.3%甲酸-5%乙腈-水溶液和0.3%甲酸?5%水-乙腈为流动相, 使用Agilent Poroshell 120 SB-C18(100 mm×2.1 mm, 2.7 μm)色谱柱超快速液相色谱分离, 优化多反应检测(selected multiple reaction monitorin g, sMRM)模式检测, 外标法定量。结果 黄霉素A在20~200 μg/L线性范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.995); 黄霉素A定量限(limit of quantity, LOQ, S/N≥10)为10 μg/kg; 3个添加水平(10、20 和100 μg/kg)下的回收率为66.5%~89.4%; 相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD)为4.7%~10.2%。结论 该方法快速、准确、灵敏, 可有效用于禽类组织中黄霉素A残留的测定。     

分散固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定豆芽中6种喹诺酮类药物

本文建立了豆芽中恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星、洛美沙星、培氟沙星6种喹诺酮类药物残留的分散固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱的快速测定方法。豆芽样品中6种喹诺酮药物采用1%甲酸乙腈提取,提取液经N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)、十八烷基键合硅胶(C₁₈)、无水硫酸镁(MgSO₄)、石墨化碳(GCB)4种填料净化,净化液过滤膜后经ACQUITY UPLC BEH C₁₈色谱柱,甲醇-0.1%甲酸水流动相梯度分离,采用UPLC-MS/MS多反应监测模式进行测定,同位素内标法定量。结果显示:6种喹诺酮类药物在1.0~100.0 μg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.9982),检出限为0.1~0.3 μg/kg,定量限为0.3~1.0 μg/kg,在2、4、20 μg/kg三个浓度添加水平的回收率为96.53%~106.94%,相对标准偏差为2.73%~7.60%。该方法快速简便、灵敏度高、准确度高、重现性好,适用于豆芽样品中6种喹诺酮类药物的同时检测。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法检测蜂蜜中15种喹诺酮类和17种磺胺类药物残留

目的建立同时测定蜂蜜中15种喹诺酮和17种磺胺类药物残留的液相色谱-串联质谱(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,HPLC-MS/MS)检测方法。方法样品经过磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH=8)提取,过HLB(hydrophile-lipophile balance)固相萃取柱净化。以CORTECS C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.6μm)分离,以5 mmol乙酸铵、0.1%甲酸水(A)和0.1%甲酸-乙腈(B)作为流动相进行梯度洗脱。质谱分析以电喷雾为离子源(electrospray ionization,ESI+),采用多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring,MRM)。结果本方法在15 min内完成32种目标化合物的分离。15种喹诺酮和17种磺胺类药物在1.0、5.0和10.0μg/kg添加水平的回收率为54.9%~122.5%,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)小于18.7%(n=6),方法检出限为0.4μg/kg,定量限为1.0μg/kg。结论该方法快速、准确、灵敏,适合测定蜂蜜中喹诺酮和磺胺类药物残留。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测动物源性食品中22种兽药残留

目的 建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS）同时测定猪肉、牛肉、鸡肉、水产等动物源性食品中6种β-受体激动剂类、8种磺胺类、氯霉素、氟苯尼考、金刚乙胺、金刚烷胺、孔雀石绿、隐色孔雀石绿、地西泮、地塞米松等22种兽药残留量的方法。方法 样品分别用乙腈、2%甲酸乙腈和90%乙腈水（含0.1%甲酸）提取,提取液在40 ℃下氮气吹干后用10%乙腈水（含1%甲酸）溶液复溶,采用C18色谱柱分离,以电喷雾离子源在正、负离子多反应监测模式下进行测定。 结果 22种兽药用2%甲酸乙腈作为提取溶剂时,回收率均较高;在 0.2 ～ 40 μg/kg的浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系,r均大于0.998,定量限范围为0.2~ 1.0 μg/kg;加标水平为 1、 5、 10 μg/kg时,回收率在62.6% ～ 120%之间,相对标准偏差为1.4% ~ 11%。结论 该方法简单、快速、准确、灵敏,极大地提高了多残留兽药的检测效率,适用于食品安全突发事件应急处置中多残留兽药的快速分析,对动物源性食品中药物残留的监控具有很重要的现实意义。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.