薏仁多肽的制备及薏仁多肽酒的研制

以薏仁为原料,采用碱性蛋白酶解、酒精发酵制得薏仁多肽酒。最佳水解条件为:底物浓度为20%、酶添加为1300u/g、温度为45℃、时间为6h、p H为9.0,多肽得率为60.1%。薏仁多肽酒的最优发酵条件为:薏仁米曲添加量15%、发酵温度26℃、发酵时间为7d,在此条件下制得的薏仁多肽酒的酒精含量为11.3%vol,产品颜色微黄、清亮透明、口感醇和。     

蟠桃果醋生产工艺研究

以新鲜蟠桃为原料,对蟠桃果醋制作工艺进行了优化,包括酶解工艺,酒精发酵工艺以及醋酸发酵工艺、通过单因素与正交试验确定了制作蟠桃果醋的最优工艺,最佳酶解工艺为:酶添加量0.04%,酶解温度45℃,酶解时间2.5h,此条件下蟠桃原浆出汁率为86.52%;最佳酒精发酵条件:酵母添加量为0.03%,初始糖度为20%,发酵温度为22℃;醋酸发酵的最优工艺为:发酵温度为30℃,原料配比为3号比例(蟠桃酒1275g,麸皮180g,稻壳45g),醋酸菌接种量为10%,经验证性试验测得,此条件下总酸含量为4.56g/dL。     

具α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用的蚕豆蛋白酶解物的制备

以蚕豆为原料,通过碱溶酸沉法得到蚕豆蛋白,再通过酶解制备具有α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用的蚕豆蛋白酶解物。以α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率与水解度为指标,考察蛋白酶种类、酶解温度、酶解pH、料液比、加酶量与酶解时间对蚕豆蛋白酶解的影响,在此基础上采用响应面法对工艺参数进行优化。结果表明：酶解蚕豆蛋白制备具有α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用酶解物的最优工艺条件为以碱性蛋白酶为最适用酶、酶解温度50 ℃、酶解pH 8.5、酶解时间4.3 h、料液比1∶ 10、加酶量14 000 U/g,在此条件下酶解物α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率为（38.58±0.87）%,蛋白水解度为22.87%。     

响应面分析法优化鹰嘴豆多肽的酶法提取工艺

利用2709碱性蛋白酶对鹰嘴豆分离蛋白进行水解制备鹰嘴豆多肽,以多肽得率和水解度为评价指标,采用单因素试验及响应面分析设计法优化鹰嘴豆多肤的最佳酶法提取工艺为:底物浓度4.15％,温度55.98℃,加酶量2013.5 U/g,pH8.7,酶解时间6h.在此条件下水解度和多肽得率分别为16.18％和75.25％.     

核桃多肽的制备及其体外抗氧化性研究

以核桃蛋白为原料,以水解度为指标,通过单因素和正交试验优化了碱性蛋白酶酶解核桃蛋白制备抗氧化肽的工艺参数。得到碱性蛋白酶最佳酶解条件为酶添加量5%,底物浓度3%,酶解温度55℃,酶解p H为9.0,酶解时间6 h;在各酶最佳条件下获得的核桃多肽具有一定的抗氧化性。     

复合酶解带鱼蛋白制备亚铁螯合多肽的工艺优化

以带鱼下脚料蛋白为原料,以水解度及亚铁螯合率为考察指标,采用碱性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶及胃蛋白酶进行单一酶解筛选试验,然后进行复合酶解试验.采用二次正交旋转组合设计,以水解度及亚铁螯合率为指标,研究酶制剂种类、加酶方式、复合酶比例、总加酶量、酶解时间、pH值及温度对制备亚铁螯合多肽工艺的影响.综合考虑水解度和螯合率因素,最终确定复合酶解带鱼蛋白制备亚铁螯合多肽的最佳工艺条件为:总加酶量22 000 U/g,并以碱性蛋白酶与木瓜蛋白酶的酶活力配比4:6先后加入;酶解时间为碱性蛋白酶9h、木瓜蛋白酶8 h;pH值为碱性蛋白酶8.0、木瓜蛋白酶6.0;酶解温度为45℃.该条件下制备的带鱼蛋白亚铁螯合多肽产物水解度和螯合率分别为52.22％、82.31％.     

酶法水解油茶籽粕制备油茶籽多肽的研究

以冷榨脱脂油茶籽粕为原料,采用胃蛋白酶水解法对油茶籽多肽的制备条件进行了研究.在单因素试验基础上,应用正交试验确定胃蛋白酶水解油茶籽粕制备油茶籽多肽的最佳工艺条件为:酶解温度40 ℃,酶解时间3 h,加酶量15 000 U/g,固液比1:30.在此最优条件下进行验证试验,油茶籽多肽产率达到61.8%.     

蚕豆蛋白酶解工艺及响应面法的优化

以蚕豆为原料,水解度为指标,研究木瓜蛋白酶及Alkaline蛋白酶酶解制备蚕豆多肽的工艺条件。通过单因素试验,初步确定2种酶法的酶底比、温度、pH的试验水平。在Alkaline蛋白酶单因素试验基础上,采用中心组合试验和响应曲面分析法分析各因素对酶解反应的影响,确定酶解反应的最佳工艺条件。结果表明:Al-kaline蛋白酶的酶解水平优于木瓜蛋白酶。木瓜蛋白酶解的参数是:pH6.5,酶底比8000u/g,温度65℃,在此条件下水解度为12.45%。Alkaline蛋白酶,各因素对蚕豆蛋白水解度的影响顺序为pH>酶底比>温度;响应面优化后的最佳参数为pH8.2,酶底比1978u/g,温度64℃,水解度预测值25.48%。验证试验的水解度为25.54%,预测值与试验值十分接近。     

全细胞固态发酵制备蚕蛹多肽工艺及抗氧化性研究

该文以蚕蛹粉和麸皮为原料利用全细胞发酵制备蚕蛹多肽,并对制备蚕蛹多肽的各项参数进行优化,以提高水解后多肽得率。通过正交试验分析,得到最佳工艺条件为：水解温度30 ℃、水解时间3 d、加酶量2 368 U/g。在最优条件下水解蚕蛹蛋白,多肽得率21.35 mg/mL,水解度4.58%。通过方差分析可知,水解温度、水解时间均对蚕蛹多肽得率和水解度有显著性影响,而加酶量影响不显著。用SephadexG-25 凝胶树脂对多肽进行洗脱得到两个不同组分的肽段,并通过抗氧化性研究得到组分Ⅰ和组分Ⅱ对·OH 具有很强的清除能力,均达到90%以上。     

核桃多肽果味酸奶的研制

核桃多肤果味酸奶是以核桃酶解液、树莓汁、牛奶、蔗糖为主要原料,通过调配、均质、杀菌、发酵等加工工艺而制成的一种风味优良、营养丰富的酸奶制品.试验结果表明:采用木瓜蛋白酶对核桃蛋白进行水解,得到最适反应条件是:酶解4.0 h,加酶量6 g/kg,温度60 ℃,pH值为7.5.核桃多肽果味酸奶最佳发酵工艺条件:温度40℃,接种量4％,蔗糖4％,原料液比1∶3,时间为3.5 h.     

Probiotics and prebiotics--perspectives and challenges

Owing to their health benefits, probiotics and prebiotics are nowadays widely used in yogurts and fermented milks, which are leader products of functional foods worldwide. The world market for functional foods has grown rapidly in the last three decades, with an estimated size in 2003 of ca US$ 33 billion, while the European market estimation exceeded US$ 2 billion in the same year. However, the production of probiotics and prebiotics at industrial scale faces several challenges, including the search for economical and abundant raw materials for prebiotic production, the low-cost production of probiotics and the improvement of probiotic viability after storage or during the manufacturing process of the functional food. In this review, functional foods based on probiotics and prebiotics are introduced as a key biotechnological field with tremendous potential for innovation. A concise state of the art addressing the fundamentals and challenges for the development of new probiotic- and prebiotic-based foods is presented, the niches for future research being clearly identified and discussed.     

常用消毒灭菌法及其机理与应用

介绍了采用消毒灭菌方法,有加热消毒法,紫外线辐射法和化学药剂消毒法。常用化学药剂有醛类、含氯消毒剂、醇类消毒剂以及高锰酸钾、生石灰等,阐释了消毒与灭菌两个概念的区别。     

益生素、益生菌与结肠癌

介绍了益生素和益生菌及其作用机理。在动物模型中，有大量的数据证实益生素和益生菌能够预防癌症．而在人体内还没有直接实验证据。它们抑制癌症的确切机理目前尚不清楚，其抑制机理可能是：肠道菌群代谢活动的改变，肠道理化环境的改变，潜在的致癌物质的黏附和降解，肠道菌群的改变、抗癌或抗诱变物质的形成、提高宿主的免疫应答、影响宿主的生理活动以及发酵不能被消化的食物并形成有益代谢产物。     

European citizen and consumer attitudes and preferences regarding beef and pork

This paper presents the combined mid-term findings of the consumer research components of two EU Sixth Framework Programme integrated projects concerning meat, ProSafeBeef and Q-PorkChains. The consumer pillar of ProSafeBeef carried out eight focus group discussions in May 2008, in France, Germany, Spain and the UK. Q-PorkChains conducted a large-scale, web-based, consumer survey in January 2008 in Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Greece and Poland. The first project provides a set of qualitative data from a small cohort of focus groups and the second a set of quantitative data from a larger consumer sample. This paper draws together the main findings of both projects and provides a comprehensive overview of European citizens’ and consumers’ attitudes towards and preferences regarding beef and pork. In general, consumers consider meat to be a healthy and important component of the diet. Consumers support the development of technologies that can improve the health attributes of meat products and guarantee eating quality, but they have a negative view of what they see to be excessive manipulation and lack of naturalness in the production and processing of beef products. In the Q-PorkChains study consumer and citizen segments are identified and profiled. Consumer segments were built upon the frequency and variety of pork consumption. The citizen segments were built upon their attitudes towards pig production systems. Overall, the relationship between individuals’ views as citizens and their behaviour as consumers was found to be quite weak and did not appear to greatly or systematically influence meat-buying habits. Future studies in both projects will concentrate on consumers’ acceptance of innovative meat product concepts and products, with the aim of boosting consumer trust and invigorating the European beef and pork industries.     

节能节水型印染助剂和设备的现状

从节能、节水、缩短工艺流程和环保的角度出发，介绍了国内外研制开发的一系列新型节能、节水型印染助剂和染整设备。     

原花色素及其开发应用

对原花色素的结构、化学特性、制备、分析方法、应用前景作一综述,并重点讨论其生理功能,为在功能性食品、药物、化妆品等领域的深入研究和开发提供参考。     

天然香精香料与生物技术

天然香精香料是高价值的精细化工产品和食品添加剂,但原料来源有限且提取成本高。利用生物技术生产这类产品具有广阔的前景。简述了发酵工程、酶工程、细胞工程和基因工程在香精香料中的应用,并探讨了生物技术在香精香料中的应用前景。     

毛霉型低盐速成豆豉工业化生产工艺与设备

本文介绍了毛霉型低盐速成豆豉的工业化生产工艺及生产线的关键设备。     

组学技术与果蔬采后质量和安全控制

果蔬可以提供营养, 有利于人类健康, 而果蔬的后熟及其与环境的相互作用会影响果蔬采后的质量和安全。对果蔬生物学过程的了解和掌握是减少果蔬采后损失和保障果蔬采后质量和安全的关键。在过去的10多年, 基于组学技术的系统生物学在了解果蔬后熟及其与环境相互作用的分子机制方面得到了越来越多的应用。本文对此做了细致的总结, 指出了存在的不足, 并提出了未来的发展方向。     

Heritability and correlations for body condition score and dairy form within and across lactation and age

The objectives of the current study were to investigate the relationship between body condition score (BCS) and dairy form and changes in genetic parameters for BCS and dairy form within and across lactations and age. Body condition score and dairy form were obtained from the Holstein Association USA, Inc. Records were edited to include those cows classified between 24 and 60 mo of age and between 0 and 335 d in milk (DIM). A minimum of 20 daughters per sire and 15 cows per herd-classification visit were required. The dataset consisted of 135,178 records from 119,215 cows. Repeatability, multiple trait, and random regression models were used to analyze the data. All models included fixed effects for herd-classification visit, age within lactations 1, 2, and 3 or higher, and 5th-order polynomials for DIM. Random effects included sire and permanent environment for all models. Random regression models included age at classification nested within sire or DIM and lactation number nested within sire. Genetic variance for both BCS and dairy form was lowest in early lactation and highest in midlactation. Genetic correlations within and across lactations were high. The genetic correlation between DIM 0 in lactation 1 and DIM 305 in lactation 3 was estimated to be 0.77 for BCS and 0.60 for dairy form. The genetic correlation estimate between 30 mo of age at classification and 50 mo of age at classification was 0.94 for both dairy form and BCS. The repeatability models appeared to generate accurate evaluations for BCS or dairy form at all ages and stages of lactation.