姜汁在鹅肉嫩化中的初步研究

研究了生姜汁对鹅肉的嫩化效果,对姜汁浓度、pH、处理温度进行了研究,并且进一步通过正交实验选择出最佳嫩化工艺。结果表明,生姜汁对鹅肉的嫩化效果十分显著,通过正交实验确定的生姜汁对鹅肉嫩化的最佳工艺条件是:姜汁浓度6%,pH6.0,处理温度50℃。     

姜汁在鹅肉嫩化中的应用研究

实验研究了生姜汁对鹅肉的嫩化效果,对姜汁浓度、pH值、处理温度进行了研究,并且进一步通过正交实验选择出最佳嫩化工艺。结果表明:生姜汁对鹅肉的嫩化效果十分显著,通过正交实验确定的生姜汁对鹅肉嫩化的最佳工艺条件是:姜汁浓度6%,pH值为6.0,处理温度为50℃。     

生姜汁在鹅腿肉嫩化中的应用研究

以剪切力为指标研究生姜汁对鹅腿肉的嫩化效果,通过单因素实验对生姜汁浓度、pH、处理温度进行了研究,并且进一步通过正交实验选择出最佳嫩化工艺。结果表明:生姜汁对鹅腿肉的嫩化效果十分显著(P<0.01),生姜汁对鹅腿肉嫩化的最佳工艺条件是:生姜汁浓度6%、pH6.0、处理温度为50℃。     

生姜蛋白酶嫩化牛肉效果的研究

研究了生姜蛋白酶对牛肉的嫩化效果,对酶用量、pH、处理温度、处理时间进行了测试,并且进一步通过L9(34)正交实验选择出最佳嫩化工艺.结果表明:生姜蛋白酶对牛肉的嫩化效果十分显著,通过正交实验确定的生姜蛋白酶对牛肉嫩化的最佳工艺条件是:酶用量为0.06%,pH为7.0,处理温度为50℃,处理时间为2h.     

生姜汁对猪肉的嫩化效果

本文研究了生姜汁对猪肉的嫩化效果，对其用量、pH值、预处理温度进行了测试对比。结果表明：生姜汁对猪肉的嫩化效果十分显著，姜汁最佳用量5%，最佳pH为7.0，最佳预处理温度为40℃。     

菠萝汁对牛肉的嫩化效果研究

以菠萝汁和牛肉为原料,研究菠萝汁中菠萝蛋白酶对牛肉的嫩化作用,得到了嫩化的最佳工艺：菠萝汁浓度6%、时间60min、温度50℃、pH7.0。在此条件下,牛肉剪切力可降低50% 左右。对菠萝汁、生姜汁、木瓜蛋白酶嫩化产品与对照组进行了风味、色泽、剪切力的对比,结果表明：菠萝汁较生姜汁能够显著(p ≤ 0.05)提高产品的风味,相比木瓜蛋白酶及对照组其风味也有不同程度提高;菠萝汁、生姜汁、木瓜蛋白酶都能极显著(p ≤ 0.01)的提高产品的嫩度,而三种嫩化产品之间嫩度没有显著差异;用菠萝汁嫩化牛肉,在牛肉腌制后,其色度的b 值和a/b 值相对于对照组有极显著(p ≤ 0.01)提高,而在煮制后,只有b 值和对照组有显著(p ≤ 0.05)差异,而a/b 值无显著差异,表明用菠萝汁嫩化牛肉不会对产品的色泽造成不良影响。     

均匀试验设计法在木瓜蛋白酶嫩化牛肉中的应用研究

利用木瓜蛋白酶对牛肉进行嫩化处理,分别在不同的pH值、酶浓度和嫩化时间条件下进行单因素试验,进而采用均匀设计试验法开展优化试验,确定木瓜蛋白酶嫩化牛肉的最佳工艺参数。结果表明,木瓜蛋白酶嫩化牛肉的剪切力数学模型为:Y=2.1943+0.02857X1-12.0000X2+0.03857X3,相关系数R=0.9966。各因素影响的主次顺序为:木瓜蛋白酶溶液浓度嫩化时间pH值。优化条件为:木瓜蛋白酶溶液的浓度0.03%、pH5.9、嫩化时间13h,相应的嫩化牛肉剪切力为1.64kg,嫩化效果好。     

应用蛋白酶进行牛肉嫩化的研究

以牛肉为材料,研究不同嫩化液及重组等处理对牛肉的持水力值、pH值及色泽等指标变化的影响,旨在阐明牛肉嫩化机理,寻找适于对牛肉生产的嫩化方法和最佳物质组合,确定牛肉的最佳加工工艺。主要研究结果如下:在4℃条件下,不同嫩化液对牛肉嫩化的单因素试验显示:各种嫩化液都可不同程度地提高肉的嫩度,以0.03?Cl2溶液、40%木瓜液、60%苹果梨汁20 mL/100 g嫩化效果较好,对牛肉色泽均有显著影响;CaCl2溶液对pH值没有显著影响,但木瓜液和苹果梨汁对pH值均有一定影响。优化试验表明:牛肉嫩化效果的主次顺序为CaCl2溶液>木瓜液>苹果梨汁>腌渍时间,3种嫩化液组合注射,其CaCl2溶液、木瓜液、苹果梨汁浓度分别为0.03%、40%、20%,在4℃条件腌制时间为12 h,牛肉嫩化效果最佳。     

响应面法优化木瓜蛋白酶嫩化牛肉工艺

为了提高牛肉品质,采用木瓜蛋白酶对牛肉嫩化工艺进行优化。以酶浓度、pH、处理温度、处理时间为考察因素,在单因素实验的基础上,采用Box-Behnken实验设计进行4因素3水平的响应面分析优化,确定最佳牛肉嫩化条件为:酶浓度0.07%,pH6.9,处理温度60℃,处理时间1.8 h。在此最佳嫩化条件下牛肉的持水率、弹性、内聚性及咀嚼性较对照组显著提高(p<0.01),烹饪失水率、剪切力和硬度较对照组显著降低(p<0.01),感官评价达到94.20分,较优化前提高了39.56%。初步机制研究发现木瓜蛋白酶可以降解牛肉肌纤维蛋白来提高牛肉嫩度。     

几种牛肉嫩化方法的研究

采用正交实验方法和感官评定方法来优化和评价氯化钙溶液注射、生姜汁注射、木瓜蛋白酶溶液注射对牛肉嫩度等的影响。实验结果表明,氯化钙溶液的浓度和注射量、生姜汁的注射量、木瓜蛋白酶溶液的浓度和处理时间显著影响牛肉的嫩度(P<0.05)。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Review of techniques to manufacture micro-hydrogel particles for the food industry and their applications

Microgels are ‘soft’ microscopic cross-linked polymeric particles that are being increasingly exploited in a variety of industries for rheology control, encapsulation and targeted delivery. They are valued because of the ability to tune their functionality to address specific applications in oil recovery, coatings, drug delivery, cosmetics, personal care and foods. Food microgels are typically biopolymer hydrogels in the form of microspheres, nanospheres (also called nanogels), spheroids and fibres. The utilisation of engineered microgels in foods has so far been limited, despite their great potential to address several needs in the food industry, including: satiety control, encapsulation of phytonutrients and prebiotics, texture control for healthier food formulations (e.g. reduced fat products), and targeting delivery to specific areas in the digestive tract. We review the scientific and patent literature on the utilisation and manufacturing methods for producing microgels with an emphasis on micro-hydrogels for food applications.     

12—A CRITIQUE OF SOME HYPOTHESES RELATING TO THE HETEROGENEITY OF THE HIGH-SULPHUR PROTEINS OF WOOL

Joubert and Burns prepared a large number of fractions from the high-sulphur proteins of wool and estimated their molecular weights and amino-acid compositions. Their data have been re-examined in order to look for statistically significant interrelations between amino acids and between the proportion of various amino acids and molecular weight. Statistical analysis of the data is also used to examine the credibility of some hypotheses concerning the mechanism of keratin biosynthesis and to provide further evidence for the existence of families of proteins within the high-sulphur fractions of wool.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of     

The Latest Data about Development of Chinese Printing Industry in 2013

In the 2014 China（Shanghai）International Printing Week,Director Wang Yanbin released the latest data about development of Chinese printing industry in 2013.According to statistics,in 2013,the total output value of Chinese printing industry exceeded 1trillion Yuan for the first time,reaching 1.03985 trillion Yuan.There were 105,000 printing enterprises in China,employees were 3.415 million.The total asset was 1.06247 trillion Yuan;     

The State Council Issued "Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"

正On December 2nd,2013,the State Council issued the notification of"Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"(hereafter referred to as"notification").It is pointed out in the"notification"that in order to further deepen reforms in investment systems and administrative examination and approval systems,simplify administrative procedures and delegate powers to lower levels,earnestly     

China textile machinery: taking off in progress

正Among the 1600 exhibitors who take apart in the ITMA ASIA+CITME2014 2/3 are Chinese manufactures.If the numerous figures failed to attract your attention,the increase of quality should draw your focus.To adopt the demand of developing textile machine market,domestic textile machinery enterprises now follow the slogan of"technology drives development"to enhance product competitiveness.Our domestic sellers will showcase product ranging from spinning,weaving,dyeing and printing,     

Top Ten News of China's Paper Industry 2013

On December 24th, 2013, the meeting on the selection of top 10 news of China＇s paper industry 2013 sponsored by 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 was held in Beijing. The yearly selection of the top l0 news, which began in 2000, has become a brand activity widely recognized in the industry thanks to the support from the authorities at all levels and public participation.